Editing Zeitgeist (section)

===In self-help and business models===
Executives, venture capitalists, journalists, and authors have argued that the idea of a zeitgeist is useful in understanding the emergence of industries, simultaneous invention, and evaluating the relative value of innovations. [[Malcolm Gladwell]] argued in his book, ''[[Outliers (book)|Outliers]]'', that entrepreneurs who succeeded often share similar characteristics—early personal or significant exposure to knowledge and skills in the early stages of a nascent industry. He proposed that the timing of involvement in an industry, and often in sports as well, affected the probability of success. In [[Silicon Valley]], a number of people ([[Peter Thiel]], Alistair Davidson, Mac Levchin, [[Nicholas G. Carr]], [[Vinod Khosla]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/view/428526/silicon-valleys-trouble-with-innovation/|title=Silicon Valley's Trouble with Innovation|work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref>) have argued that much innovation has been shaped by easy access to the Internet, [[open source software]], component technologies for both hardware and software (e.g., software libraries, [[software as a service]]), and the ability to reach narrow markets across a global market. Peter Thiel has commented: "There is so much [[incrementalism]] now."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://topics.bloomberg.com/peter-thiel/ |title=Peter Thiel|work=Bloomberg}}{{full citation needed|date=October 2023}}</ref>

In a zeitgeist market, the number of new entrants is high, differentiation in high-value products (the strongest predictor of new product success) is more difficult to achieve, and [[business model]]s emphasizing service and solution over product and process, will enhance success. Examples include innovation in product experience, legal rights and bundling, privacy rights, and agency (where businesses act on behalf of customers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/qa/428186/max-levchin/ |title=Max Levchin|work=MIT Technology Review|first = Conor|archive-date = 20 January 2013|date = 19 June 2012|last = Myhrvold|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120044747/http://www.technologyreview.com/qa/428186/max-levchin/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304141204577508820786062502 |title=Why Modern Innovation Traffics in Trifles - WSJ|author=Nicholas Carr|date=6 July 2012|work=WSJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/07/13/khosla-the-silicon-valley-vision/|title= Vinod Khosla: Maintain the Silicon Valley Vision|author= Vinod Khosla	|work= The New York Times|date= 13 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eclicktick.com/innovationzeitgeist/|title=The Book - Innovation Zeitgeist|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232954/http://www.eclicktick.com/innovationzeitgeist/|archive-date = 23 September 2015|work= eclicktick.com}}</ref>