Editing Zgorzelec (section)

===Middle Ages===
In the [[Early Middle Ages]], the area was inhabited by the Bieżuńczanie tribe,<ref>{{cite book|last=Bena|first=Waldemar|year=2006|title=Szlakiem grodzisk słowiańskich i średniowiecznych zamków|language=pl, de|location=Zgorzelec|pages=9–10}}</ref> one of the old [[Polish tribes]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.interia.pl/historia/news-plemiona-polskie,nId,2084506|title=Plemiona polskie|website=Encyklopedia Internautica|access-date=13 December 2020|language=pl}}</ref> which together with the [[Sorbs|Sorbian]] [[Milceni]] tribe, with which it bordered in the west, was subjugated in 990 by the [[Margraviate of Meissen]], a [[frontier march]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. It was conquered by Polish Duke, and future King, [[Bolesław I the Brave]] in 1002, whose goal was to decisively unite all Polish tribes, and remained part of [[Kingdom of Poland|Poland]] during the reign of the first Polish kings Bolesław I the Brave and [[Mieszko II Lambert]] until 1031, when the region fell again to the Margraviate of Meissen. Zgorzelec/Görlitz was first mentioned in a document from the King of [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]], and later [[Holy Roman Emperor]], [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] in 1071 as a small village named Goreliz in the region of [[Upper Lusatia]].<ref name=hist>{{cite web|title=History of Zgorzelec and Görlitz|url=http://www.it.zgorzelec.pl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=557&Itemid=55|access-date=30 December 2016}}</ref> In 1075, the region, within the [[Holy Roman Empire]], passed to rule of the [[Duchy of Bohemia]] ([[Kingdom of Bohemia|kingdom]] from 1198). In the 13th century the village gradually turned into a town. It became rich due to its location on the [[Via Regia]], an ancient and medieval trade road. In 1319 it became part of the [[Piast]]-ruled [[Duchy of Jawor]], the southwesternmost duchy of fragmented Poland, and later on, became part of [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] again.

In the following centuries, from 1346, it was a wealthy member of the [[Six-City League of Upper Lusatia]], consisting of the six Lusatian cities [[Bautzen]], Görlitz, [[Kamenz]], [[Lubań]], [[Löbau]] and [[Zittau]]. The town of [[Gorlice]] in southern Poland was founded during the reign of [[Casimir the Great]] in 1354 by [[ethnic Germans|ethnic German]] colonists from Görlitz, in the last phases of [[Ostsiedlung|eastward settlement by Germans]] (in this case by [[Walddeutsche]]). In 1469, along with the Lusatian League, the town recognized the rule of King [[Matthias Corvinus]] and passed to [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]], and in 1490 it fell back to Bohemia then ruled by Polish prince [[Vladislaus II of Hungary|Vladislaus Jagiellon]].<ref>Gustav Köhler, ''Der Bund der Sechsstädte in der Ober-Lausitz: Eine Jubelschrift'', G. Heinze & Comp., Görlitz, 1846, p. 30 (in German)</ref> The town brokered international trade between German states in the west and [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Poland]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]], Hungary and [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]] in the east,<ref name=hist/> and in 1510 King [[Sigismund I the Old]] allowed free trade in all of Poland and Lithuania for the town.