Editing Classical Japanese (section)

==== {{nihongo|Adjectives|形容詞|keiyōshi}} ====

Classical Japanese has the following classes of adjectives and stem forms:
{| class="wikitable"
!Class of
Inflection
!subclass
![[Word stem|stem]]<br />{{Lang|ja|語幹}}
![[wiktionary:未然形|Irrealis]]<br />{{Lang|ja|未然形}}
![[wiktionary:連用形|Adverbial]]<br />{{Lang|ja|連用形}}
![[wiktionary:終止形|Conclusive]]<br />{{Lang|ja|終止形}}
![[wiktionary:連体形|Attributive]]<br />{{Lang|ja|連体形}}
![[wiktionary:已然形|Realis]]<br />{{Lang|ja|已然形}}
![[wiktionary:命令形|Imperative]]<br />{{Lang|ja|命令形}}
!Translation
|-
! rowspan="2" |-ku<br />{{Lang|ja|ク活用}}
!main<br />{{Lang|ja|本活用}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|{{Ruby|高|たか}}}}}}
|({{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|く}}}} / {{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|け}}}})
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|く}}}} (-ku)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|し}}}} (-si)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|き}}}} (-ki)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|けれ}}}} (-kere)
|&nbsp;
| rowspan="2" |'be high'
|-
!-kari<br />{{Lang|ja|カリ活用}}
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|から}}}} (-kara)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|かり}}}} (-kari)
|
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|かる}}}} (-karu)
|&nbsp;
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|たか}}{{color|blue|かれ}}}} (-kare)
|-
! rowspan="2" |-siku<br />{{Lang|ja|シク活用}}
!main<br />{{Lang|ja|本活用}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|{{Ruby|美|うつく}}}}}}
|({{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しく}}}}  / {{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しけ}}}})
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しく}}}} (-siku)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|し}}}} (-si)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しき}}}} (-siki)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しけれ}}}} (-sikere)
|&nbsp;
| rowspan="2" |'be beautiful'
|-
!-kari<br />{{Lang|ja|カリ活用}}
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しから}}}} (-sikara)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しかり}}}} (-sikari)
|
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しかる}}}} (-sikaru)
|&nbsp;
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|うつく}}{{color|blue|しかれ}}}} (-sikare)
|}

===== Table notes =====

The existence of irrealis form is still a controversy. Some scholars assume that the ancient construction called {{nihongo2|ク語法}} (''Ku-gohō'' "Ku-grammar") uses the irrealis form to form nouns from verbs and adjectives; e.g., {{nihongo2|安し (やすし)}} (''yasu-shi'' "peaceful") → {{nihongo2|安け (やすけ)}} (''yasu-ke'') + {{nihongo2|～く}} (-''ku'') → {{nihongo2|安けく (やすけく)}} (''yasukeku'' "peace of mind"). Meanwhile, others assumed the construction {{nihongo2|～くば}} (-''kuba'') / {{nihongo2|～しくば}} (-''shikuba'') appears to be an irrealis form {{nihongo2|～く}} (-''ku'') / {{nihongo2|～しく}} (-''shiku'') + particle {{nihongo2|～ば}} (-''ba'') (since that particle usually attaches to the irrealis form). However, the scholars agreeing with "Ku-grammar theory" argue that it's actually {{nihongo2|～く}} (-''ku'') / {{nihongo2|～しく}} (-''shiku'') + particle {{nihongo2|は}} (''ha''; modern pronunciation ''wa'') with a sequential voicing sound change from {{nihongo2|は}} (''ha'') to {{nihongo2|ば}} (''ba'').

The compound forms are derived from continuitive form {{nihongo2|～く}} (-''ku'') / {{nihongo2|～しく}} (-''shiku'') + {{nihongo2|有り}} (''ar-i'') → {{nihongo2|～くあり}} (-''kuar-i'') / {{nihongo2|～しくあり}} (-''shikuar-i''), which then became {{nihongo2|～かり}} (-''kar-i'') / {{nihongo2|～しかり}} (-''shikar-i'') by regular sound change rules from Old Japanese. The forms then follow the R-irregular conjugation type like {{nihongo2|有り}} (''ar-i''), but lack the conclusive form.

Similarly, the basic conjugations have no imperative form. When it is used, therefore, the {{nihongo2|～かれ}} (-''kar-e'') / {{nihongo2|～しかれ}} (-''shikar-e'') forms are used. It is however, relatively rare, even in classical Japanese.