Editing Digraph (orthography) (section)

====Japanese====
Two [[kana]] may be combined into a ''[[Consonant|C]][[Vowel|V]]'' syllable by subscripting the second; the convention cancels the vowel of the first. That is commonly done for ''CyV'' syllables called ''[[yōon]]'', as in ひょ (ひ<sub>よ</sub>) ''hyo'' {{angbr|hi<sub>yo</sub>}}. They are not digraphs since they retain the normal sequential reading of the two glyphs. However, some obsolete sequences no longer retain that reading, as in くゎ ''kwa,'' ぐゎ ''gwa,'' and むゎ ''mwa,'' now pronounced ''ka, ga, ma''. In addition, non-sequenceable digraphs are used for foreign loans that do not follow normal Japanese [[assibilation]] patterns, such as ティ ''ti'', トゥ ''tu'', チェ ''tye / che'', スェ ''swe'', ウィ ''wi'', ツォ ''tso'', ズィ ''zi''. (See [[katakana]] and [[transcription into Japanese]] for complete tables.)

Long vowels are written by adding the kana for that vowel, in effect doubling it. However, long ''ō'' may be written either ''oo'' or ''ou'', as in とうきょう ''toukyou'' {{IPA|ja|toːkʲoː|}} 'Tōkyō'. For dialects that do not distinguish ''ē'' and ''ei'', the latter spelling is used for a long ''e'', as in へいせい ''heisei'' {{IPA|ja|heːseː|}} '[[Heisei]]'. In loanwords, ''[[chōonpu]]'', a line following the direction of the text, as in ビール ''bīru'' {{IPA|ja|biːru|}} ''bīru'' 'beer'. With the exception of syllables starting with ''n'', doubled consonant sounds are written by prefixing a smaller version of ''tsu'' (written っ and ッ in hiragana and katakana respectively), as in きって ''kitte'' 'stamp'. Consonants beginning with n use the kana ''n'' character (written ん or ン) as a prefix instead.

There are several conventions of [[Okinawan writing system|Okinawan kana]] that involve subscript digraphs or ligatures. For instance, in the University of the Ryukyu's system, ウ is {{IPA|/ʔu/}}, ヲ is {{IPA|/o/}}, but ヲゥ (ヲ<sub>ウ</sub>) is {{IPA|/u/}}.