Editing Elections in Hungary (section)

=== Electoral system for National Assembly elections between 1990 and 2010 ===
Until 2010, elections for the 386-seat National Assembly (''Országgyűlés'') involved two [[Parallel voting|separate ballots]], two rounds, and three classes of seats: 176 members were elected in single-member districts through a [[two-round system]], and 146 were elected through [[proportional representation]] in 20 regional multi-member [[constituency|constituencies]] (MMCs), in a non-compensatory way (parallel allocation). Finally, 64 nationwide [[Scorporo|levelling seats]] were allocated in such a way to correct for discrepancies between votes and seats in the different constituencies<ref>Nathan Schackow, 2014, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260183189_Hungary's_Changing_Electoral_System_Reform_or_Repression_Inside_the_European_Union Hungary's Changing Electoral System: Reform or Repression Inside theEuropean Union]? p. 4.</ref> (the number of multi-member district seats and levelling seats varied over time; the shares shown here were for the 2010 election). For both MMCs and levelling seats, the [[election threshold|electoral threshold]] was 5% of the MMC vote. (Where two parties presented a joint list, their threshold was 10%; for three or more joined parties, the threshold was 15%.)

The second round would be held two weeks after the first, in situations where no candidate in the single-member district won and/or where the MMC result was invalidated due to low turnout.

====First round====
In the first round, each voter may cast
* one vote for one candidate running for the local single-seat constituency;
* one vote for a party list established in the local MMC.
After the polls close:
* The result in single-seat constituencies where [[voter turnout]] was below 50% is declared invalid, and all candidates for the first round enter the second round.
* Any single-seat constituency where turnout was over 50% and one candidate received over 50% of the votes is won by that candidate, and no second round takes place.
* In all remaining single-seat constituencies (i.e., where turnout exceeded 50% but no candidate received over 50% of votes), the top three candidates and any other candidates having received at least 15% of votes are eligible (a kind of [[two-round system|runoff voting]]).
* The result for MMCs where the turnout was over 50% is produced. (If all MMCs saw adequate turnout, the parties passing the election threshold could already be determined and the MMC seats could be allocated.)

====Second round====
In the second round, each voter may cast
* one vote for one candidate still standing in the single-seat constituency, if the seat was not won in the first round;
* one vote for a party list in the MMC, if the first round was invalid due to insufficient turnout.
After the polls close:
* Any seats in single-seat constituencies where turnout was below 25%, or where the first two candidates received an equal number of votes, will remain vacant.
* All other single-seat constituencies will be won by the candidate who received the most votes.
* The result of MMC where turnout was below 25% is declared invalid, and the seats from that constituency are added to the compensation seats.
* The parties passing the threshold are identified based on MMCs with a valid result. Seats from these constituencies are distributed.
* Parties having passed the threshold are eligible for the compensation seats; these are distributed based on:
** the sum of votes remaining in the MMCs after the distribution of the seats, plus
** the sum of votes cast for losing candidates of each party in the first valid round of each single-seat constituency (similar to the [[scorporo]] system). Since the first valid round is taken into account, votes are still counted for a candidate who is eliminated in the first round, or who steps down after a valid first round to endorse another, more viable candidate.