Editing Electromigration (section)

==Electromigrated nanogaps ==
'''Electromigrated nanogaps''' are gaps formed in metallic bridges formed by the process of electromigration. A nanosized contact formed by electromigration acts like a waveguide for electrons. The nanocontact essentially acts like a one-dimensional wire with a conductance of <math>G = 2\,e^2\!/h</math>. The current in a wire is the velocity of the electrons multiplied by the charge and number per unit length, <math>\,I = veN/L\ </math>  or <math>\ G=veN/LV</math>. This gives a conductance of <math>G=ve^2\!N/LE</math>. In nanoscale bridges the conductance falls in discrete steps of multiples of the quantum conductance <math>G = 2\,e^2\!/h</math>.

Electromigrated nanogaps have been proposed for use as electrodes in molecular scale electronics and as quantum tunneling sensors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Raja |first1=Shyamprasad N. |last2=Jain |first2=Saumey |last3=Kipen |first3=Javier |last4=Jaldén |first4=Joakim |last5=Stemme |first5=Göran |last6=Herland |first6=Anna |last7=Niklaus |first7=Frank |date=2024-07-17 |title=Electromigrated Gold Nanogap Tunnel Junction Arrays: Fabrication and Electrical Behavior in Liquid and Gaseous Media |journal=ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces |language=en |volume=16 |issue=28 |pages=37131–37146 |doi=10.1021/acsami.4c03282 |issn=1944-8244 |pmc=11261569 |pmid=38954436}}</ref><ref name=Shores1>{{cite journal | author = Liang | title =Kondo resonance in a single-molecule transistor | journal = Nature | volume = 417  | year = 2002   |doi=10.1038/nature00790 | issue=6890 | pmid=12066180 | pages=725–9|display-authors=etal| bibcode =2002Natur.417..725L | s2cid =4405025 }}</ref> Researchers have used [[feedback controlled electromigration]] to investigate the [[magnetoresistance]] of a [[quantum spin valve]].{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}