Editing Electron diffraction (section)

==== Diffuse scattering ====
{{anchor|Figure 16}}[[File:NbCoSb showing diffuse scattering.png|thumb|Figure 16: Single frame extracted from a video of a Nb<sub>0.83</sub>CoSb sample showing diffuse intensity (snake-like) due to vacancies at the Nb sites|alt=Diffraction pattern showing extra features (wavy lines here) due to disorder.]]
A further step beyond superstructures and aperiodic materials is what is called ''diffuse scattering'' in electron diffraction patterns due to disorder,<ref name="Cowley95" />{{Rp|location=Chpt 17}} which is also known for x-ray<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Welberry |first=T. R. |date=2014 |title=One Hundred Years of Diffuse X-ray Scattering |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11661-013-1889-2 |journal=Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A |language=en |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=75–84 |doi=10.1007/s11661-013-1889-2 |bibcode=2014MMTA...45...75W |s2cid=137476417 |issn=1073-5623|url-access=subscription }}</ref> or neutron<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nield |first=Victoria M. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45485010 |title=Diffuse neutron scattering from crystalline materials |date=2001 |publisher=Clarendon Press |others=David A. Keen |isbn=0-19-851790-4 |location=Oxford |oclc=45485010}}</ref> scattering. This can occur from inelastic processes, for instance, in bulk silicon the atomic vibrations ([[phonon]]s) are more prevalent along specific directions, which leads to streaks in diffraction patterns.<ref name="Cowley95" />{{Rp|location=Chpt 12}} Sometimes it is due to arrangements of [[point defect]]s. Completely disordered substitutional point defects lead to a general background which is called ''Laue monotonic scattering.''<ref name="Cowley95" />{{Rp|location=Chpt 12}} Often there is a [[probability distribution]] for the distances between point defects or what type of substitutional atom there is, which leads to distinct three-dimensional intensity features in diffraction patterns. An example of this is for a Nb<sub>0.83</sub>CoSb sample, with the diffraction pattern shown in [[#Figure 16|Figure 16]]. Because of the vacancies at the niobium sites, there is diffuse intensity with snake-like structure due to correlations of the distances between vacancies and also the relaxation of Co and Sb atoms around these vacancies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Roth |first1=N. |last2=Beyer |first2=J. |last3=Fischer |first3=K. F. F. |last4=Xia |first4=K. |last5=Zhu |first5=T. |last6=Iversen |first6=B. B. |date=2021 |title=Tuneable local order in thermoelectric crystals |url=https://journals.iucr.org/m/issues/2021/04/00/fc5055/ |journal=IUCrJ |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=695–702 |doi=10.1107/S2052252521005479 |issn=2052-2525 |pmc=8256708 |pmid=34258017|arxiv=2103.08543 |bibcode=2021IUCrJ...8..695R }}</ref>