Editing Extradition (section)

=== "Extraordinary rendition" ===
{{Main|Extraordinary rendition}}
"Extraordinary rendition" is an [[extrajudicial]] procedure in which criminal suspects, generally suspected [[terrorist]]s or supporters of terrorist organisations, are transferred from one country to another.<ref name=MJC-2009-09-08>Michael John Garcia, Legislative Attorney American Law Division. [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32890.pdf Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture] 8 September 2009; link from the United States [http://www.counterterrorismtraining.gov/leg/index.html Counter-Terrorism Training and Resources for Law Enforcement web site] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014042245/http://www.counterterrorismtraining.gov/leg/index.html |date=14 October 2012 }}</ref> The procedure differs from extradition as the purpose of the rendition is to extract information from suspects, while extradition is used to return fugitives so that they can stand trial or fulfill their sentence. The United States' [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) allegedly operates a global extraordinary rendition programme, which from 2001 to 2005 captured an estimated 150 people and transported them around the world.<ref name="NYT-17-Feb-2009" /><ref name="CIA-Background-Memo">"[https://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/082409/olcremand/2004olc97.pdf Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques]". 30 December 2004. Retrieved 2 January 2010.</ref><ref name="Huff-Post-08-28-09">"[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/08/28/new-cia-docs-detail-bruta_n_271299.html New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process]". ''Huffington Post''. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2010.</ref><ref name="ACLU-Fact-Sheet">[https://www.aclu.org/safefree/extraordinaryrendition/22203res20051206.html Fact sheet: Extraordinary rendition], [[American Civil Liberties Union]]. Retrieved 29 March 2007 {{in lang|en}}</ref>

The alleged US programme prompted several official investigations in Europe into alleged [[black site|secret detentions]] and illegal international transfers involving [[Council of Europe]] member states. A [[#27 June 2006 Council of Europe resolution|June 2006 report]] from the Council of Europe estimated 100 people had been kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory (with the cooperation of Council of Europe members), and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centres ("[[black site]]s") used by the CIA, some of which could be located in Europe. According to the separate [[#The European Parliament's 14 February 2007 report|European Parliament report of February 2007]], the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the [[United Nations Convention Against Torture]].<ref>[http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta06/ERES1507.htm Resolution 1507 (2006).]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612123848/http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=%2FDocuments%2FAdoptedText%2Fta06%2FERES1507.htm |date=12 June 2010 }} Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states]</ref> A large majority of the [[European Union Parliament]] endorsed the report's conclusion that many member states tolerated illegal actions by the CIA, and criticised such actions. Within days of his inauguration, President Obama signed an Executive Order opposing rendition torture and established a task force to provide recommendations about processes to prevent rendition torture.<ref name="whitehouse.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/EnsuringLawfulInterrogations/ |title=Ensuring Lawful Interrogations |publisher=[[White House]] |access-date=17 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126061153/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/EnsuringLawfulInterrogations/ |archive-date=26 January 2009 }}</ref>