Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Extremes on Earth
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==Remoteness== ===Poles of inaccessibility=== {{main|Pole of inaccessibility}} Each continent has its own [[Pole of inaccessibility#Continental poles of inaccessibility|continental pole of inaccessibility]], defined as the place on the continent that is farthest from any ocean. Similarly, each ocean has its own [[Pole of inaccessibility#Oceanic pole of inaccessibility|oceanic pole of inaccessibility]], defined as the place in the ocean that is farthest from any land. [[File:Distancia a la costa.png|thumb|upright=1.8|Map of distance to the nearest coastline<ref name="Garcia2007">{{cite journal |last1=Garcia-Castellanos |first1=Daniel |last2=Lombardo |first2=Umberto |title=Poles of inaccessibility: A calculation algorithm for the remotest places on earth |doi=10.1080/14702540801897809 |periodical=Scottish Geographical Journal |access-date=10 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629230429/http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos,%20Lombardo,%202007,%20SGJ.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2014|url-status=dead|date=September 2007 |volume=123 |issue=3 |pages=227–233 |bibcode=2007ScGJ..123..227G |s2cid=55876083 |url=http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos,%20Lombardo,%202007,%20SGJ.pdf }}</ref> (including oceanic islands, but not lakes) with red spots marking the poles of inaccessibility of main [[landmass]]es, [[Great Britain]], and the [[Iberian Peninsula]], and a blue dot marking the oceanic pole of inaccessibility. Thin isolines are {{convert|250|km|abbr=on}} apart; thick lines {{convert|1000|km|abbr=on}}. [[Mollweide projection]].]] ====Continental==== * The '''most distant point from an ocean''' is the Eurasian Pole of Inaccessibility (or "EPIA") {{Coord|46|17|N|86|40|E|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility}}, in [[China]]'s [[Xinjiang]] region near the border with Kazakhstan. Calculations have shown that this point, located in the [[Dzoosotoyn Elisen Desert]], is {{cvt|2645|km}} from the nearest coastline. The nearest settlement to the EPIA is Suluk at {{Coord|46|15|N|86|50|E|name=Suluk}}, about {{cvt|11|km|mi|sigfig=1}} to the east.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} A 2007 study suggests that the historical calculation of the EPIA failed to recognize the point where the [[Gulf of Ob]] joins the Arctic Ocean, and proposes instead that varying definitions of coastline could result in other locations for the EPIA: ** EPIA1, somewhere between {{Coord|44|17|N|82|11|E|name=EPIA1.1}} and {{Coord|44|29|N|82|19|E|name=EPIA1.2}}, is about {{cvt|2510|+/-|10|km}} from the nearest ocean. ** EPIA2, somewhere between {{Coord|45|17|N|88|08|E|name=EPIA2.1}} and {{Coord|45|28|N|88|14|E|name=EPIA2.2}}, is about {{cvt|2514|+/-|7|km}} from the nearest ocean.<ref name="PIA"/> :If adopted, this would place the final EPIA roughly {{cvt|130|km|mi|sigfig=1}} closer to the ocean than the point that is currently agreed upon.<ref name="PIA">{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/14702540801897809 |volume=123 |issue=3 |pages=227–233 |last1=Garcia-Castellanos |first1=Daniel |first2=Umberto |last2=Lombardo |title=Poles of Inaccessibility: A Calculation Algorithm for the Remotest Places on Earth |journal=Scottish Geographical Journal |issn=1470-2541 |year=2007 |url=http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos,%20Lombardo,%202007,%20SGJ.pdf |publisher=Informa UK |bibcode=2007ScGJ..123..227G |s2cid=55876083 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803055158/http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos%2C%20Lombardo%2C%202007%2C%20SGJ.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2014 }}</ref> Coincidentally, EPIA1, or EPIA2, and the most remote of the [[Pole of inaccessibility#Oceanic pole of inaccessibility|Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility]] (specifically, the point in the [[South Pacific Ocean]] that is farthest from land) are similarly remote; EPIA1 is less than {{cvt|200|km}} closer to the ocean than the Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility is to land. * The continental poles of inaccessibility for the other continents are as follows: ** [[Africa]]: {{Coord|5.65|N|26.17|E|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility of Africa}},<ref name="PIA"/> close to the [[tripoint]] of the [[Central African Republic]], [[South Sudan]], and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ** [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]: either {{Coord|23|2|S|132|10|E|name=Australian Pole of Inaccessibility}},<ref>[http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/centre.htm Centre of Australia, States and Territories] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822124000/https://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/centre.htm |date=22 August 2008 }}, Geoscience Australia</ref> or {{Coord|23.17|S|132.27|E|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility of Australia}},<ref name="PIA"/> near [[Papunya]], [[Northern Territory]] ** [[North America]]: {{Coord|43.36|N|101.97|W|name=Pole of Inaccessibility North America}},<ref name="PIA"/> between [[Kyle, South Dakota]] and [[Allen, South Dakota]], [[United States]]. ** [[South America]]: {{Coord|14.05|S|56.85|W|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility in South America}},<ref name="PIA"/> near [[Arenápolis]], [[Mato Grosso]], [[Brazil]] ====Oceanic==== * The '''most distant point from land''' is the Pacific pole of inaccessibility (also called "[[Point Nemo]]", in a region known as the [[spacecraft cemetery]]), which lies in the [[South Pacific Ocean]] at {{Coord|48|52.6|S|123|23.6|W|type:landmark|name=Point Nemo}}, about {{cvt|2688|km|0}} from the nearest land (equidistant from [[Ducie Island]] in the [[Pitcairn Islands]] to the north, [[Motu Nui]] off [[Rapa Nui]] to the northeast, and Maher Island off [[Siple Island]] near [[Marie Byrd Land]], [[Antarctica]], to the south).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/nemo.html |title=Where is Point Nemo? |work=NOAA |access-date=20 February 2015}} </ref> The centre of the Pacific Ocean and the [[Water Hemisphere]] lie west to it, closer to [[Oceania]], off the coast of [[Kiribati]] at {{Coord|47.411667|N|2.620833|W|format=dms|type:landmark_region:FR_scale:10000|display=inline}} and [[New Zealand]] at {{Coord|47.411667|S|177.379167|E|format=dms|type:landmark_region:FR_scale:10000|display=inline}} respectively. ===Other places considered the most remote=== [[Image:Bouvet Island ISS017-E-16161 no text.JPG|thumb|[[Bouvet Island]]]] * The '''most remote island''' is [[Bouvet Island]], a small, uninhabited island in the [[South Atlantic Ocean]] that is a [[dependencies of Norway|dependency]] of [[Norway]]. It lies at coordinates {{Coord|54|26|S|3|24|E|type:landmark|name=most remote island}}. The nearest land is the uninhabited [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Antarctica]] (also claimed by Norway), over {{cvt|1600|km|mi|sigfig=1}} to the south. The nearest inhabited lands are [[Gough Island]], {{cvt|1845|km|0}} away, [[Tristan da Cunha]], {{cvt|2260|km|0}} away, and the coast of [[South Africa]], {{cvt|2580|km|0}} away. * The title for '''most remote inhabited island or archipelago''' (the farthest away from any other permanently inhabited place) depends on how the question is interpreted. If the south Atlantic island [[Tristan da Cunha]] (population about 300) and its dependency [[Gough Island]] (with a small staffed research post), which are {{cvt|399|km|0}} from each other, are considered part of the same archipelago, or if Gough Island is not counted because it has no permanent residents, then Tristan da Cunha is the world's most remote inhabited island/archipelago: the main island, also called Tristan da Cunha, is {{cvt|2434|km|0}} from the island [[Saint Helena]], {{cvt|2816|km|0}} from [[South Africa]], and {{cvt|3360|km}} from South America. It is {{cvt|2260|km|0}} away from uninhabited [[Bouvet Island]]. However, if Gough and [[Tristan da Cunha]] are considered separately, they disqualify each other, and the most remote inhabited island is [[Easter Island]] in the South Pacific Ocean, which lies {{cvt|2075|km|mi}} from [[Pitcairn Island]] (about 50 residents in 2013), {{cvt|2606|km|0}} from [[Rikitea]] on the island of [[Mangareva]] (the nearest town with a population over 500), and {{cvt|3512|km|mi}} from the coast of [[Chile]] (the nearest continental point and the country of which Easter Island is part). The [[Kerguelen Islands]] in the southern Indian Ocean are another contender, lying {{cvt|1340|km|mi}} from the small [[Alfred Faure]] scientific station in [[Île de la Possession]], but otherwise more than {{cvt|3300|km|mi}} from the coast of [[Madagascar]] (the nearest permanently inhabited place), {{cvt|450|km|0}} northwest of the uninhabited [[Heard Island]] and [[McDonald Islands]] (both a part of [[Australia]]), and {{cvt|1440|km|mi}} from the non-permanent scientific station located in [[Île Amsterdam]]. * '''Remote cities''' ** The most remote city with a population in excess of one million from the nearest city with a population in excess of one million is [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]. The nearest city of comparable size or greater is [[Sydney]], [[Australia]], {{cvt|2168.9|km|mi}} away.<ref>[http://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-distance-calculator.htm Draft Logic – Google Maps Distance Calculator], accessed 4 September 2011</ref> ** The most remote city with a population in excess of one million from the nearest city with a population above 100,000 is [[Perth]], Australia, located {{cvt|2138|km}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelmath.com/flying-distance/from/Perth,+Australia/to/Adelaide,+Australia |title=Flight Distance from Perth, Australia to Adelaide, Australia |work=travelmath.com}}</ref> away from [[Adelaide]], Australia. ** The most remote city with a population in excess of 100,000 from the nearest city with a population in excess of 100,000 is [[Honolulu]], [[Hawaii]], United States. The nearest city of comparable size or greater is [[San Francisco]], {{cvt|3850|km}} away.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cityextremes.com/isolated.php |title=The Most Isolated Cities of the World |work=cityextremes.com}}</ref> ** The most remote national capitals are [[Wellington]], New Zealand, and [[Canberra]], Australia, which are {{cvt|2326|km|0}} apart from each other and neither is closer to another capital. * The '''most remote airport in the world''' from another airport is [[Mataveri International Airport]] (IPC) on [[Easter Island]], which has a single runway for military and public use. It is located {{cvt|2603|km|0}} from [[Totegegie Airport]] (GMR; very few flights) in the [[Gambier Islands]], [[French Polynesia]] and {{cvt|3759|km|0}} from [[Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport|Santiago, Chile]] (SCL; a fairly large airport). In comparison, the airport at the [[Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station]] (NZSP) is not very remote at all, being located only {{cvt|1355|km|mi|0}} from [[Williams Field]] (NZWD) near [[Ross Island]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcmap.com/mapui?P=IPC-SCL%2CIPC-GMR%2CNZWD-NZSP&DU=km |title=Great Circle Mapper |work=gcmap.com}}</ref><!--but is it the most remote airport from city/inhabited place, or if not, which one is? especially when compare to Tibet's 2nd highest airport at 2011.-->
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)