Editing French protectorate in Morocco (section)

===Struggle for independence===
The innovative fact about Moroccan nationalists is that they globalized the Moroccan question through transnational activism.<ref name="Stenner">{{Cite book |last=Stenner |first=David |date=2019 |title=Globalizing Morocco: Transnational Activism and the Postcolonial State |location=Stanford, Calif. |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1503608993 |oclc=1048942756}}</ref>{{Rp|p=15}} This way they created a vibrant and wide global coalition of supporters who advocated their cause. This way they also managed to make their concerns global ones.<ref name="Stenner"/>{{Rp|p=15}} Among their active international supporters was Robert E. Rodes who fought actively in the US Congress for gaining support for the Moroccan cause.<ref name="Stenner"/>{{Rp|pp=31–34}}

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, with political and nonviolent efforts proving futile, the Moroccan struggle for independence became increasingly violent, with massacres, bombings, and riots, particularly in the urban and industrial center, [[Casablanca]].

====Tangier Speech and Casablanca Tirailleurs Massacre====
{{Main|Tangier Speech|Massacre of April 7, 1947}}
[[File:ضربة_ساليغان_في_الصحافة_الفرنسية.png|thumb|The Massacre of April 7, 1947 in Casablanca as reported in ''[[France-Soir]]'' on April 9.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1947-04-09 |title=France-soir |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k4746453z |access-date=2023-01-31 |website=Gallica |language=EN}}</ref>]]

In 1947, Sultan [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Muhammad V]] planned to deliver [[Tangier Speech|a speech]] in what was then the [[Tangier International Zone]] to appeal for his country's independence from colonialism and for its territorial unity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hespress.com/histoire/85477.html|title=زيارة محمد الخامس لطنجة.. أغضبت{{lro}} {{popdf}}فرنسا وأشعلت{{lro}} {{popdf}}المقاومة|website=Hespress|date=31 July 2013|language=ar|access-date=29 August 2019}}</ref>

In the days leading up to the sultan's speech, French colonial forces in [[Casablanca]], specifically [[Senegalese Tirailleurs|Senegalese ''Tirailleurs'']] serving the [[French colonial empire]], carried out a massacre of working class Moroccans. The massacre lasted for about 24 hours from 7–8 April 1947, as the ''tirailleurs'' fired randomly into residential buildings in working-class neighborhoods, killing 180 Moroccan civilians. The conflict was instigated in an attempt to sabotage the Sultan's journey to Tangier, though after having returned to Casablanca to comfort the families of the victims, the Sultan then proceeded to Tangier to deliver the historic speech, in the garden of the [[Mendoubia]] palace, on 9 April.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atlasinfo.fr/Evenements-du-7-avril-1947-a-Casablanca-un-tournant-decisif-dans-la-lutte-pour-la-liberte-et-l-independance_a70631.html|title=Evènements du 7 avril 1947 à Casablanca, un tournant décisif dans la lutte pour la liberté et l'indépendance|last=Atlasinfo|website=Atlasinfo.fr: l'essentiel de l'actualité de la France et du Maghreb|date=6 April 2016|language=fr|access-date=16 March 2019}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/913075180 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/913050120 cite #2 – verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Maghraoui |editor-first=Driss |date=2013 |title=Revisiting the Colonial Past in Morocco |location=London |publisher=Routledge |page=151 |isbn=9780415638470 |oclc=793224528}}<!-- https://www.google.com/books/edition/Revisiting_the_Colonial_Past_in_Morocco/wohfaYvYYiIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=speech%20sultan -->{{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/913075180 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/913050120 cite #3 – verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref>

====Murder of Farhat Hached====
{{Main|Casablanca Uprisings of 1952}}

The assassination of the Tunisian labor unionist [[Farhat Hached]] by ''[[La Main Rouge]]''—the clandestine militant wing of [[Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-Espionnage|French intelligence]]—sparked protests in cities around the world and riots in Casablanca from 7–8 December 1952.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/49006/decembre-1952-quand-casablancais-sont.html|title=7–8 décembre 1952: Quand les Casablancais se sont soulevés contre l'assassinat de Ferhat Hached|last=Yabiladi.com|website=www.yabiladi.com|language=fr|access-date=16 March 2019}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/913075180 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/913050268 cite #18 – verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> Approximately 100 people were killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/middle-eastnorth-africapersian-gulf-region/francemorocco-1930-1956/|title=6. French Morocco (1912–1956)|website=uca.edu|language=en-US|access-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> In the aftermath of the riots, French authorities arrested [[Abbas Messaadi]], who would eventually escape, found the [[Moroccan Army of Liberation|Moroccan Liberation Army]], and join the armed resistance in the Rif.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zamane.ma/fr/lassassinat-de-messaadi/|title=L'assassinat de Messaâdi|date=12 November 2012|website=Zamane|language=fr-FR|access-date=7 November 2019}}</ref>