Editing Network analysis (electrical circuits) (section)

====Two port parameters====
{{main|Two-port network}}
The concept of a two-port network can be useful in network analysis as a [[black box]] approach to analysis. The behaviour of the two-port network in a larger network can be entirely characterised without necessarily stating anything about the internal structure.  However, to do this it is necessary to have more information than just the A(jω) described above. It can be shown that four such parameters are required to fully characterise the two-port network. These could be the forward transfer function, the input impedance, the reverse transfer function (i.e., the voltage appearing at the input when a voltage is applied to the output) and the output impedance. There are many others (see the main article for a full listing), one of these expresses all four parameters as impedances.  It is usual to express the four parameters as a matrix;
<math display="block">
\begin{bmatrix}
  V_1 \\
  V_0
\end{bmatrix}
=
\begin{bmatrix}
  z(j\omega)_{11} & z(j\omega)_{12} \\
  z(j\omega)_{21} & z(j\omega)_{22}
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
  I_1 \\
  I_0
\end{bmatrix}
</math>

The matrix may be abbreviated to a representative element;

<math> \left [z(j\omega) \right] </math> or just <math> \left [z \right] </math>

These concepts are capable of being extended to networks of more than two ports. However, this is rarely done in reality because, in many practical cases, ports are considered either purely input or purely output. If reverse direction transfer functions are ignored, a multi-port network can always be decomposed into a number of two-port networks.