Editing Oxidation state (section)

== List of oxidation states of the elements ==
This is a list of known oxidation states of the [[chemical element]]s, excluding [[#Fractional oxidation states|nonintegral values]]. The most common states appear in bold. The table is based on that of Greenwood and Earnshaw,<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw|pages=27–28}}</ref> with additions noted. Every element exists in oxidation state 0 when it is the pure non-ionized element in any phase, whether monatomic or polyatomic [[allotrope]]. The column for oxidation state 0 only shows elements known to exist in oxidation state 0 in compounds.
{{List of oxidation states of the elements}}

=== Early forms (octet rule) ===
A figure with a similar format was used by [[Irving Langmuir]] in 1919 in one of the early papers about the [[octet rule]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Langmuir |first= Irving |year= 1919 |title= The arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules |url= https://zenodo.org/record/1429026 |journal= J. Am. Chem. Soc. |volume= 41 |issue= 6 |pages= 868–934 |doi= 10.1021/ja02227a002 |bibcode= 1919JAChS..41..868L |access-date= 2019-07-01 |archive-date= 2019-06-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190621192330/https://zenodo.org/record/1429026 |url-status= live }}</ref> The periodicity of the oxidation states was one of the pieces of evidence that led Langmuir to adopt the rule.

:[[File:Langmuir valence.png|700px]]