Editing Personality test (section)

== Examples of personality tests ==
* The first modern personality test was the [[Woodworth Personal Data Sheet]], which was first used in 1919. It was designed to help the [[United States Army]] screen out recruits who might be susceptible to [[shell shock]].
* The [[Rorschach inkblot test]] was introduced in 1921 as a way to determine personality by the interpretation of inkblots.
* The [[Thematic Apperception Test]] was commissioned by the Office of Strategic Services (O.S.S.) in the 1930s to identify personalities that might be susceptible to being turned by enemy intelligence.
* The [[Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory]] was published in 1942 as a way to aid in assessing [[psychopathology]] in a clinical setting. It can also be used to assess the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5),<ref>Harkness, A. R., & McNulty, J. L. (1994). The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5): Issue from the pages of a diagnostic manual instead of a dictionary. In S. Strack & M. Lorr (Eds.), Differentiating normal and abnormal personality. New York: Springer.</ref> which are similar to the Five Factor Model (FFM; or [[Big Five personality traits]]). These five scales on the MMPI-2 include aggressiveness, psychoticism, {{not a typo|disconstraint}}, negative emotionality/neuroticism, and introversion/low positive emotionality.
* [[Myers–Briggs Type Indicator]] (MBTI) is a questionnaire designed to measure [[psychological]] preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. This 16-type indicator test is based on Carl Jung's ''Psychological Types'', developed during [[World War II]] by [[Isabel Myers]] and [[Katharine Cook Briggs|Katharine Briggs]]. The 16-type indicator includes a combination of Extroversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling and Judging-Perceiving. The MBTI utilizes two opposing behavioral divisions on four scales that yields a "personality type".
*  [[OAD Survey]] is an adjective word list designated to measure seven work related personality traits and job behaviors: Assertiveness-Compliance, Extroversion-Introversion, Patience-Impatience, Detail-Broad, High Versatility-Low Versatility, Low Emotional IQ-High Emotional IQ, Low Creativity-High Creativity.  It was first published in 1990 with periodic norm revisions to assure scale validity, reliability, and non-bias.  
* [[Keirsey Temperament Sorter]] developed by [[David Keirsey]] is influenced by Isabel Myers sixteen types and [[Ernst Kretschmer]]'s four types.
* The [[True Colors (personality)|True Colors]] Test developed by Don Lowry in 1978 is based on the work of David Keirsey in his book, ''Please Understand Me'', as well as the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and provides a model for understanding personality types using the colors blue, gold, orange and green to represent four basic personality temperaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.truecolorsassociation.org/faq.php |title=Frequently Asked Questions |website=International True Colors Association|access-date=2013-01-03|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320081037/http://www.truecolorsassociation.org/faq.php|archive-date=2012-03-20}}</ref>
* The [[16PF Questionnaire]] (16PF) was developed by [[Raymond Cattell]] and his colleagues in the 1940s and 1950s in a search to try to discover the basic traits of human personality using scientific methodology. The test was first published in 1949, and is now in its 5th edition, published in 1994.  It is used in a wide variety of settings for individual and marital counseling, career counseling and employee development, in educational settings, and for basic research.
* The EQSQ Test developed by [[Simon Baron-Cohen]], Sally Wheelwright centers on the [[empathizing-systemizing theory]] of the male versus the female brain types.
* The [[Personality and Preference Inventory]] (PAPI), originally designed by Dr Max Kostick, Professor of Industrial Psychology at Boston State College, in Massachusetts, USA, in the early 1960s evaluates the behaviour and preferred work styles of individuals.
* The Strength Deployment Inventory, developed by [[Elias Porter]] in 1971 and is based on his theory of Relationship Awareness. Porter was the first known psychometrician to use colors (Red, Green and Blue) as shortcuts to communicate the results of a personality test.<ref>Porter, Elias H. (1971) ''Strength Deployment Inventory,'' Pacific Palisades, CA: Personal Strengths Assessment Service.</ref>
* The [[Newcastle Personality Assessor]] (NPA), created by Daniel Nettle, is a short questionnaire designed to quantify personality on five dimensions: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientious, Agreeableness, and Openness.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/07/personality-test | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=A test of character | first=Daniel | last=Nettle | date=2009-03-07}}</ref>
* The [[DISC assessment]] is based on the research of William Moulton Marston and later work by John Grier, and identifies four personality types: Dominance; Influence; Steadiness and Conscientiousness. It is used widely in Fortune 500 companies, for-profit and non-profit organizations.
* The Winslow Personality Profile measures 24 traits on a decile scale.  It has been used in the National Football League, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League and every draft choice for Major League Baseball for the last 30 years<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.winslowresearch.com/gq-article.html |title=How to Build the Perfect Batter|publisher=GQ Magazine|access-date=2012-07-26|via=}}</ref> and can be taken online for personal development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winslow-assessment.com/personality-assessment/|title=Winslow Online Personality Assessment |website=Winslow Assessment |access-date=2012-07-26}}</ref>
* Other personality tests include Forté Profile, [[Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory]], [[Eysenck Personality Questionnaire]], [[Swedish Universities Scales of Personality]], [[Edwin E. Wagner]]'s The Hand Test, and [[Enneagram of Personality]].
* The HEXACO Personality Inventory&nbsp;– Revised (HEXACO PI-R) is based on the [[HEXACO model of personality structure]], which consists of six domains, the five domains of the Big Five model, as well as the domain of Honesty-Humility.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ashton | first1 = M. C. | last2 = Lee | first2 = K. | year = 2008 | title = The prediction of Honesty-Humility-related criteria by the HEXACO and Five-Factor models of personality | journal = Journal of Research in Personality | volume = 42 | issue = 5| pages = 1216–1228 | doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2008.03.006}}</ref>
* The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed in September 2012 by the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Workgroup with regard to a personality trait model proposed for [[DSM-5]]. The PID-5 includes 25 maladaptive personality traits as determined by Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, and Skodol.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Krueger | first1 = R. F. | last2 = Derringer | first2 = J. | last3 = Markon | first3 = K. E. | last4 = Watson | first4 = D. |author5-link=Andrew E. Skodol| last5 = Skodol | first5 = A. E. | year = 2012 | title = Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5 | journal = Psychological Medicine | volume = 42 | issue = 9| pages = 1879–1890 | doi=10.1017/s0033291711002674 | pmid=22153017 | pmc=3413381}}</ref>
* The Process Communication Model (PCM), developed by [[Taibi Kahler]] with [[NASA]] funding,<ref>Spenser, Scott. [http://www.ssca.com/resources/articles/104 "The History of the Process Communication Model in Astronaut Selection"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027081900/http://www.ssca.com/resources/articles/104 |date=2013-10-27 }}, Cornell University, December 2000. Retrieved 19 June 2013</ref> was used to assist with shuttle astronaut selection. Now it is a non-clinical personality assessment, communication and management methodology that is now applied to corporate management, interpersonal communications, education, and real-time analysis of [[call centre]] interactions<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090103699|title = Methods and systems for determining customer hang-up during a telephonic communication between a customer and a contact center|date = 2008|publisher = US Patent Office|last = Conway|first = Kelly}}</ref><ref>Steiner, Christopher (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=3W-ePnCEL38C&pg=PT204 “Automate This: How Algorithms Came to Rule Our World”]. Penguin Group (USA) Inc., New York. {{ISBN|9781101572153}}.</ref> among other uses.
* The Birkman Method (TBM) was developed by [[Roger Birkman|Roger W. Birkman]] in the late 1940s. The instrument consists of ten scales describing "occupational preferences" (Interests), 11 scales describing "effective behaviors" (Usual behavior) and 11 scales describing interpersonal and environmental expectations (Needs). A corresponding set of 11 scale values was derived to describe "less than effective behaviors" (Stress behavior). TBM was created empirically. The psychological model is most closely associated with the work of [[Kurt Lewin]]. Occupational profiling consists of 22 job families with over 200 associated job titles connected to [[O*NET|O*Net]].
* The [[International Personality Item Pool]] (IPIP) is a public domain set of more than 2000 personality items which can be used to measure many personality variables, including the Five Factor Model.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Goldberg | first1 = L. R. | last2 = Johnson | first2 = J. A. | last3 = Eber | first3 = H. W. | last4 = Hogan | first4 = R. | last5 = Ashton | first5 = M. C. | last6 = Cloninger | first6 = C. R. | last7 = Gough | first7 = H. C. | year = 2006 | title = The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures | journal = Journal of Research in Personality | volume = 40 | pages = 84–96 | doi=10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007| s2cid = 13274640 }}</ref>
*The [[Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey]] examined 10 factors that represented normal personality, and was used in both longitudinal studies and to examine the personality profiles of Italian pilots.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Terracciano|first1=Antonio|last2=McCrae|first2=Robert R.|last3=Costa|first3=Paul T.|date=2006|title=Longitudinal trajectories in Guilford-Zimmerman temperament survey data: results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging|journal=The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences|volume=61|issue=2|pages=P108–116|doi=10.1093/geronb/61.2.p108|issn=1079-5014|pmc=2754731|pmid=16497954}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Giambelluca|first1=A.|last2=Zizolfi|first2=S.|date=1985|title=[The Guilford Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS): concurrent criterion validity. Study of a sample of 150 pilot cadets of the Aeronautics Academy of Pozzuoli]|journal=Rivista di Medicina Aeronautica e Spaziale|volume=52|issue=2|pages=139–149|issn=0035-631X|pmid=3880032}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Giambelluca|first1=A.|last2=Zizolfi|first2=S.|date=1985|title=[The Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS). The results of its first use in military aeronautics: descriptive statistics, intercorrelation matrix and competitive validity with the MMPI. A study on a sample of 150 student officer pilots of the Pozzuoli Aeronautics Academy]|journal=Rivista di Medicina Aeronautica e Spaziale|volume=52|issue=1|pages=29–46|issn=0035-631X|pmid=3880382}}</ref>
*The Short [[Dark triad|Dark Triad]] (SD-3) examines three socially unacceptable traits: narcissism, [[Machiavellianism (psychology)|Machiavellianism]], and psychopathy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=Sarah A. |last2=Double |first2=Kit S. |last3=Birney |first3=Damian P. |last4=MacCann |first4=Carolyn |date=2022-07-01 |title=How much can people fake on the dark triad? A meta-analysis and systematic review of instructed faking |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S019188692200126X |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |volume=193 |pages=111622 |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2022.111622 |issn=0191-8869|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Daniel N. |last2=Paulhus |first2=Delroy L. |date=February 2014 |title=Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A Brief Measure of Dark Personality Traits |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1073191113514105 |journal=Assessment |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=28–41 |doi=10.1177/1073191113514105 |issn=1073-1911|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*The Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) is a 12-item version of a dark triad test.<ref>Jonason PK, Webster GD, Reynolds CR. The Dirty Dozen: A Concise Measure of the Dark Triad. ''Psychological assessment''. 2010;22(2):420-432. doi:10.1037/a0019265</ref>

=== Personality tests of the five factor model ===
Different types of the [[Big Five personality traits]]:

* The NEO PI-R, or the [[Revised NEO Personality Inventory]], is one of the most significant measures of the Five Factor Model (FFM). The measure was created by Costa and McCrae and contains 240 items in the forms of sentences. Costa and McCrae had divided each of the five domains into six facets each, 30 facets total, and changed the way the FFM is measured.<ref>Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.</ref>
* The Five-Factor Model Rating Form (FFMRF) was developed by Lynam and Widiger in 2001 as a shorter alternative to the NEO PI-R. The form consists of 30 facets, 6 facets for each of the Big Five factors.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lynam | first1 = D. R. | last2 = Widiger | first2 = T. A. | s2cid = 17468718 | year = 2001 | title = Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: An expert consensus approach | journal = Journal of Abnormal Psychology | volume = 110 | issue = 3| pages = 401–412 | doi=10.1037/0021-843x.110.3.401 | pmid=11502083}}</ref>
* The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and the Five Item Personality Inventory (FIPI) are very abbreviated rating forms of the Big Five personality traits.<ref name="GoslingRentfrow2003">{{cite journal|last1=Gosling|first1=Samuel D|last2=Rentfrow|first2=Peter J|last3=Swann|first3=William B|title=A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains|journal=Journal of Research in Personality|volume=37|issue=6|year=2003|pages=504–528|issn=0092-6566|doi=10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1|s2cid=7147133 }}</ref>
* The Five Factor Personality Inventory&nbsp;– Children (FFPI-C) was developed to measure personality traits in children based upon the Five Factor Model (FFM).<ref>McGhee, R.L., Ehrler, D. & Buckhalt, J. (2008). ''Manual for the Five Factor Personality Inventory&nbsp;— Children'' Austin, TX (PRO ED, INC).</ref>
* The Big Five Inventory (BFI), developed by John, Donahue, and Kentle, is a 44-item self-report questionnaire consisting of adjectives that assess the domains of the Five Factor Model (FFM).<ref>John, O. P., Donahue, E. M., & Kentle, R. L. (1991). The Big Five Inventory&nbsp;– Versions 4a and 54. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Personality and Social Research.</ref> The 10-Item Big Five Inventory is a simplified version of the well-established BFI. It is developed to provide a personality inventory under time constraints. The BFI-10 assesses the five dimensions of BFI using only two items each to cut down on length of BFI.<ref>Beatrice Rammstedt (2007). ''The 10-Item Big Five Inventory: Norm Values and Investigation of Sociodemographic Effects Based on a German Population Representative Sample''. European Journal of Psychological Assessment (July 2007), 23 (3), pg. 193-201</ref>
* The Semi-structured Interview for the Assessment of the Five-Factor Model (SIFFM) is the only semi-structured interview intended to measure a personality model or personality disorder. The interview assesses the five domains and 30 facets as presented by the NEO PI-R, and it additional assesses both normal and abnormal extremities of each facet.<ref>Trull, T. J., & Widiger, T. A. (1997). Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.</ref>
* The Big Five Aspects Scale (BFAS) assesses the five domains and 10 sub-domains that cover nearly all of the personality differences found between individuals (per factor analysis) as presented in this paper by DeYoung & Peterson.<ref> DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5) | https://www.jordanbpeterson.com/docs/230/2014/15DeYoung.pdf | The free applied BFAS version can be found here https://www.gyfted.me/quiz-landing/bfas-personality-test</ref>