Editing Smart card (section)

===History and major players===

Since the inception of smart cards, innovators have been trying to add extra features. As technologies have matured and have been industrialized, several smart card industry players have been involved in Complex Cards.

The Complex Card concept began in 1999 when Cyril Lalo and Philippe Guillaud, its inventors, first designed a smart card with additional components. The first prototype was developed collaboratively by Cyril Lalo, who was the CEO of AudioSmartCard at the time, and Henri Boccia and Philippe Patrice, from Gemplus. The prototype included a button and audio functions on a 0.84mm thick ISO 7810-compliant card .

Since then, Complex Cards have been mass-deployed primarily by NagraID Security.

====AudioSmartCard====

AudioSmartCard International SA<ref>{{cite web |title=Company Information AudioSmartCard International SA |url=https://www.infogreffe.com/entreprise-societe/391975125-audiosmartcard-international-sa-750196B12386.html |website=Infogreffe |publisher=French Registries at Commercial Courts |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919164232/https://www.infogreffe.com/entreprise-societe/391975125-audiosmartcard-international-sa-750196B12386.html |url-status=live }}</ref> was instrumental in developing the first Complex Card that included a battery, a piezoelectric buzzer, a button, and audio functions all on a 0.84mm thick, ISO 7810-compatible card.

AudioSmartCard was founded in 1993 and specialized in the development and marketing of acoustic tokens incorporating security features. These acoustic tokens exchanged data in the form of sounds transmitted over a phone line. In 1999, AudioSmartCard transitioned to a new leadership under Cyril Lalo and Philippe Guillaud, who also became major shareholders. They made AudioSmartCard evolve towards the smart card world. In 2003 Prosodie,<ref>{{cite web |title=Information about Prosodie Corporation |url=https://www.infogreffe.fr/entreprise-societe/411393218-prosodie-920197B043840000/liste-etablissements-1.html |website=Infogreffe |publisher=French commercial court registries |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=8 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208164642/https://www.infogreffe.fr/entreprise-societe/411393218-prosodie-920197B043840000/liste-etablissements-1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> a subsidiary of [[Capgemini]], joined the shareholders of AudioSmartCard.

AudioSmartCard was renamed nCryptone,<ref>{{cite web |title=nCryptone Corporate Profile |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/758050Z:FP |website=Bloomberg |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=19 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019090211/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/758050Z:FP |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2004.

====CardLab Innovation====

CardLab Innovation,<ref>{{cite web |title=CardLab Innovation |url=https://www.cardlab.com/ |website=CardLab Innovation |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716172300/https://www.cardlab.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> incorporated in 2006 in Herlev, Denmark, specializes in Complex Cards that include a switch, a biometric reader, an [[RFID]] jammer, and one or more magstripes. The company works with manufacturing partners in China and Thailand and owns a card lamination factory in Thailand.

====Coin====

Coin was a US-based startup<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cipriani |first1=Jason |title=Coin adds NFC capabilities to its new all-in-one card |url=https://fortune.com/2015/08/27/coin-nfc-update/ |work=Fortune |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716172252/https://fortune.com/2015/08/27/coin-nfc-update/ |url-status=live }}</ref> founded in 2012 by Kanishk Parashar.<ref>{{cite web |title=LinkedIn: Kanishk Parashar |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/diamondk/ |publisher=LinkedIn }}</ref> It developed a Complex Card capable of storing the data of several credit and debit cards. The card prototype was equipped with a display<ref>{{cite web |last1=Statt |first1=Nick |date = 14 November 2013|title=Inside Coin's techie vision for the all-in-one credit card |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/inside-coins-techie-vision-for-the-all-in-one-credit-card/ |publisher=CNET |access-date=11 August 2024}}</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=July 2021}} and a button that enabled the user to switch between different cards. In 2015, the original Coin card concept evolved into Coin 2.0 adding contactless communication to its original magstripe emulation.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Statt |first1=Nick |title=Coin adds NFC capabilities to its new all-in-one card |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/inside-coins-techie-vision-for-the-all-in-one-credit-card/ |publisher=CNET |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716172252/https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/inside-coins-techie-vision-for-the-all-in-one-credit-card/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Coin was acquired by [[Fitbit]] in May 2016<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooper |first1=Daniel |title=Fitbit buys Coin to help with mobile payments |url=https://www.engadget.com/2016-05-18-fitbit-buys-coin.html |work=Engadget |date=18 May 2016 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716172252/https://www.engadget.com/2016-05-18-fitbit-buys-coin.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and all Coin activities were discontinued in February 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heater |first1=Brian |title=Coin will shut down its product services at the end of February |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/31/coin-shut-down/?guccounter=1 |website=TechCrunch |date=31 January 2017 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716172254/https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/31/coin-shut-down/?guccounter=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Ellipse World, Inc.====

Ellipse World, Inc.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ellipse World Inc. |url=https://www.ellipse.la/ |website=Ellipse World Inc. |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716173249/https://www.ellipse.la/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was founded in 2017 by Cyril Lalo and Sébastien Pochic, both recognized experts in Complex Card technology.   Ellipse World, Inc. specializes in battery-free Complex Card technology.

The Ellipse patented technologies enable smart card manufacturers to use their existing dual interface payment card manufacturing process and supply chain to build battery-free, second generation Complex Cards with display capabilities. Thanks to this ease of integration, smart card vendors are able to address banking, transit and prepaid cards markets.

====EMue Technologies====

EMue<ref>{{cite web |title=Emue Technologies |url=http://www.emue.com/ |website=Emue Technologies |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716173249/http://www.emue.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Technologies, headquartered in Melbourne, Australia, designed and developed authentication solutions for the financial services industry from 2009 to 2015.<ref>{{cite web |title=LinkedIn: Emue Technologies |url=https://www.linkedin.com/company/emue-technologies/about/ |publisher=LinkedIn |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> The company's flagship product, developed in collaboration with Cyril Lalo and Philippe Guillaud, was the eMue Card, a Visa CodeSure<ref>{{cite web |title=Visa CodeSure gets commercial green light |url=https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/21447/visa-codesure-gets-commercial-green-light |website=Finextra |date=2 June 2010 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716173249/https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/21447/visa-codesure-gets-commercial-green-light |url-status=live }}</ref> credit card with an embedded keypad, a display and a microprocessor.

====Feitian Technologies====

Feitian Technologies, a China-based company created in 1998, provides cyber security products and solutions. The company offers security solutions based on smart cards as well as other authentication devices. These include Complex Cards, that incorporate a display,<ref>{{cite web |title=OTP Display Card |url=https://www.ftsafe.com/Products/Power_Card/Standard |website=Feitian technologies |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813022959/https://www.ftsafe.com/Products/Power_Card/Standard |url-status=live }}</ref> a keypad<ref>{{cite web |title=Chip Embedded Card |url=https://www.ftsafe.com/Products/Power_Card/Chip |website=Feitian Technologies |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624082728/https://www.ftsafe.com/Products/Power_Card/Chip |url-status=live }}</ref> or a fingerprint sensor.<ref>{{cite web |title=OTP Display Card |url=https://www.ftsafe.com/Products/Power_Card/Fingerprint |website=Feitian Technologies |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=1 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801225611/https://www.ftsafe.com/Products/Power_Card/Fingerprint |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Fingerprint Cards====

[[Fingerprint Cards]] AB (or Fingerprints<ref>{{cite web |title=Fingerprint Cards |url=https://www.fingerprints.com/ |website=Fingerprint Cards |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716174136/https://www.fingerprints.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>) is a Swedish company specializing in biometric solutions. The company sells biometric sensors and has recently introduced payment cards incorporating a fingerprint sensor<ref>{{cite web |title=Biometrics: The missing piece of the contactless card puzzle |url=https://www.fingerprints.com/uploads/2018/05/fpc-smartcards-infographics-v1.pdf |website=Fingerprint Cards |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716174140/https://www.fingerprints.com/uploads/2018/05/fpc-smartcards-infographics-v1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> such as the Zwipe card,<ref>{{cite web |title=Zwipe Payment Card the World's Leading Biometric Payment Card |url=https://www.fingerprints.com/showcase/zwipe-payment-card/ |website=Fingerprint Cards |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716174137/https://www.fingerprints.com/showcase/zwipe-payment-card/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a biometric dual-interface payment card using an integrated sensor from Fingerprints.

====Giesecke+Devrient====

[[Giesecke+Devrient|Giesecke & Devrient]], also known as G+D,<ref>{{cite web |title=Giesecke+Devrient |url=https://www.gi-de.com/en/ |website=Giesecke+Devrient |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716074938/https://www.gi-de.com/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> is a German company headquartered in Munich that provides banknotes, security printing, smart cards and cash handling systems.  Its smart card portfolio includes display cards, OTP cards, as well as cards displaying a [[#Transaction_security|Dynamic CSC]].

====Gemalto====

[[Gemalto]], a division of [[Thales Group]], is a major player in the secure transaction industry. 
The company's Complex Card portfolio includes cards with a display<ref>{{cite web |title=Payments |url=https://www.gemalto.com/financial/cards/payments |website=Thales Group – Gemalto |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180007/https://www.gemalto.com/financial/cards/payments |url-status=live }}</ref> or a fingerprint sensor.<ref>{{cite web |title=EMV Biometric Card |url=https://www.gemalto.com/financial/cards/emv-biometric-card |website=Thales Group – Gemalto |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180005/https://www.gemalto.com/financial/cards/emv-biometric-card |url-status=live }}</ref> These cards may display an OTP<ref>{{cite web |title=SafeNet OTP Display Card |url=https://cpl.thalesgroup.com/access-management/authenticators/safenet-otp-display-card |website=Thales Group – SafeNet |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180005/https://cpl.thalesgroup.com/access-management/authenticators/safenet-otp-display-card |url-status=live }}</ref> or a Dynamic CSC.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dynamic Code Verification |url=https://www.gemalto.com/financial/cards/payments/dynamic-code-verification |website=Thales Group – Gemalto |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180005/https://www.gemalto.com/financial/cards/payments/dynamic-code-verification |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Idemia====

[[IDEMIA]] is the product of the 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Oberthur Technologies –Morpho becomes IDEMIA, the global leader in trusted identities |url=https://www.idemia.com/public_download/oberthur-technologies-morpho-becomes-idemia-global-leader-trusted-identities |website=Idemia |date=28 September 2017 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180009/https://www.idemia.com/public_download/oberthur-technologies-morpho-becomes-idemia-global-leader-trusted-identities |url-status=live }}</ref> merger of Oberthur Technologies and Morpho. The combined company has positioned itself as a global provider of financial cards, SIM cards, biometric devices as well as public and private identity solutions. Due to Oberthur's acquisition of NagraID Security in 2014, Idemia's Complex Card offerings include the F.CODE<ref>{{cite web |title=Biometric payment card |url=https://www.idemia.com/biometric-payment-card |website=Idemia |date=17 September 2020 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180005/https://www.idemia.com/biometric-payment-card |url-status=live }}</ref> biometric payment card that includes a fingerprint sensor, and its battery-powered Motion Code<ref>{{cite web |title=Motion Code |url=https://www.idemia.com/motion-code |website=Idemia |date=13 October 2020 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=22 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622214427/https://www.idemia.com/motion-code |url-status=live }}</ref> card that displays a Dynamic CSC.

====Idex====

[[IDEX Biometrics]] ASA, incorporated in Norway, specializes in fingerprint identification technologies for personal authentication. The company offers fingerprint sensors<ref>{{cite web |title=Fingerprint sensor manufacturer |url=https://www.idexbiometrics.com/products/biometric-fingerprint-sensors/ |website=Idex Biometrics |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180008/https://www.idexbiometrics.com/products/biometric-fingerprint-sensors/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and modules<ref>{{cite web |title=What is a fingerprint sensor module? |url=https://www.idexbiometrics.com/faq/fingerprint-sensors/what-is-a-fingerprint-sensor-module/ |website=Idex Biometrics |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180005/https://www.idexbiometrics.com/faq/fingerprint-sensors/what-is-a-fingerprint-sensor-module/ |url-status=live }}</ref> that are ready to be embedded into cards.<ref>{{cite web |title=XH Smart Tech showcasing dual-interface biometric card with IDEX sensor at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona |url=https://www.idexbiometrics.com/xh-smart-tech-showcasing-dual-interface-biometric-card-with-idex-sensor-at-mobile-world-congress-in-barcelona/ |website=Idex Biometrics |date=25 February 2019 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716180005/https://www.idexbiometrics.com/xh-smart-tech-showcasing-dual-interface-biometric-card-with-idex-sensor-at-mobile-world-congress-in-barcelona/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Innovative Card Technologies====

Founded in 2002, by Alan Finkelstein, Innovative Card Technologies developed and commercialized enhancements for the smart card market. The company acquired the display card assets of nCryptone<ref>{{cite news |title=nCryptone monte au capital d'Innovative Card Technologies |url=https://www.journaldunet.com/solutions/dsi/1066019-ncryptone-monte-au-capital-d-innovative-card-technologies/ |access-date=16 July 2021 |publisher=JDN |date=30 June 2006 |language=French |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716181454/https://www.journaldunet.com/solutions/dsi/1066019-ncryptone-monte-au-capital-d-innovative-card-technologies/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2006. Innovative Card Technologies has ceased its activities.

====NagraID====

Nagra ID, now known as NID,<ref>{{cite web |title=NID |url=https://www.nagraid.com/ |website=NID |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716181454/https://www.nagraid.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was a wholly-owned subsidiary of the [[Kudelski Group]] until 2014. NID can trace its history with Complex Cards back to 2003 when it collaborated on development with nCryptone. Nagra ID was instrumental in developing the cold lamination process for Complex Cards manufacturing.

Nagra ID manufactures Complex Cards<ref>{{cite web |title=Complex Cards |url=https://www.nagraid.com/en/solutions/complex-cards |website=NID |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=18 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918063258/https://www.nagraid.com/en/solutions/complex-cards |url-status=live }}</ref> that can include a battery, buttons, displays or other electronic components.

====NagraID Security====

Nagra ID Security began in 2008 as a spinoff of Nagra ID to focus on Complex Card development and manufacturing. The company was owned by [[Kudelski Group]] (50%), Cyril Lalo (25%) and Philippe Guillaud (25%).

NagraID Security quickly became a leading player in the adoption of Complex Cards due, in large part, to its development of MotionCode cards that featured a small display to enable a [[Card security code|Card Security Code (CVV2)]].

NagraID Security was the first Complex Cards manufacturer to develop a mass market for payment display cards. Their customers included: 
* ABSA,<ref>{{cite web |title=MasterCard and Absa Introduce Next Generation Payment Card, a First for APMEA |url=https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/mastercard-and-absa-introduce-next-generation-payment-card-a-first-for-apmea/ |website=MasterCard |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716181453/https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/mastercard-and-absa-introduce-next-generation-payment-card-a-first-for-apmea/ |url-status=live }}</ref> South Africa,
* Banco Bicentenario, Venezuela,
* Banco MontePaschi, Belgium,
* Erste Bank, Croatia, 
* Getin Bank, Poland, 
* Standard Chartered Bank, Singapore.

NagraID Security also delivered One-Time Password cards to companies including: 
* Bank of America,
* HID Security,
* PayPal,
* RSA Security, 
* Verisign.

In 2014, NagraID Security was sold to [[Oberthur Technologies]] (now [[IDEMIA]]).

====nCryptone====

nCryptone emerged in 2004 from the renaming of AudioSmartCard. nCryptone was headed by Cyril Lalo and Philippe Guillaud<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippe Guillaud |url=https://www.epita.fr/2018/11/26/temoignage-ancien-ingenieur-entrepreneur-muzeek-intelligence-artificielle-musique-entreprises-parcours-2018/ |website=Epita |date=26 November 2018 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716182629/https://www.epita.fr/2018/11/26/temoignage-ancien-ingenieur-entrepreneur-muzeek-intelligence-artificielle-musique-entreprises-parcours-2018/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and developed technologies around authentication servers and devices.

nCryptone display card assets were acquired by Innovative Card Technologies in 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=nCryptone acquiert IC Tech |url=https://investir.lesechos.fr/actions/actualites/ncryptone-acquiert-ic-tech-141099.php |access-date=16 July 2021 |publisher=Les Echos Investir |date=30 June 2006 |language=French |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716182631/https://investir.lesechos.fr/actions/actualites/ncryptone-acquiert-ic-tech-141099.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Oberthur Technologies, now Idemia====

[[Oberthur Technologies]], now [[IDEMIA]], is one of the major players in the secure transactions industry. It acquired the business of NagraID Security in 2014. Oberthur then merged with Morpho and the combined entity was renamed Idemia in 2017.

Major references in the Complex Cards business include: 
* BPCE Group,<ref>{{cite web |title=BPCE Group and Oberthur Technologies launch a world-exclusive innovation: the first dynamic cryptogram payment card |url=https://newsroom-en.groupebpce.fr/news/bpce-group-and-oberthur-technologies-launch-a-world-exclusive-innovation-the-first-dynamic-cryptogram-payment-card-e9bc-53927.html |website=BPCE |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716182631/https://newsroom-en.groupebpce.fr/news/bpce-group-and-oberthur-technologies-launch-a-world-exclusive-innovation-the-first-dynamic-cryptogram-payment-card-e9bc-53927.html |url-status=live }}</ref> France, 
* Orange Bank,<ref>{{cite news |title=Orange Bank : une carte Visa Premium avec cryptogramme dynamique et Apple Pay |url=https://www.igen.fr/ailleurs/2019/03/orange-bank-une-carte-visa-premium-avec-cryptogramme-dynamique-et-apple-pay-107063 |access-date=16 July 2021 |publisher=iGen |date=7 March 2019 |language=French |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716182640/https://www.igen.fr/ailleurs/2019/03/orange-bank-une-carte-visa-premium-avec-cryptogramme-dynamique-et-apple-pay-107063 |url-status=live }}</ref> France, 
* Société Générale,<ref>{{cite web |title=1 million MOTION CODE online transactions with Société Générale |url=https://www.idemia.com/press-release/1-million-motion-code-online-transactions-societe-generale-2017-10-17 |website=Idemia |date=17 October 2017 |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716182631/https://www.idemia.com/press-release/1-million-motion-code-online-transactions-societe-generale-2017-10-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> France.

====Plastc====

Set up in 2009, Plastc announced a single card that could digitally hold the data of up to 20 credit or debit cards. The company succeeded in raising US$9&nbsp;million through preorders but failed to deliver any product.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Schubarth |first1=Cromwell |title=Palo Alto 'smart' credit card startup shutters after taking $9M in pre-orders |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2017/04/21/palo-alto-smartcredit-card-startup-shutters-after.html |access-date=16 July 2021 |publisher=Biz Journals |date=21 April 2017 |archive-date=19 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219114135/http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2017/04/21/palo-alto-smartcredit-card-startup-shutters-after.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Plastc was then acquired<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Edge Mobile Payments Acquires Plastc Assets |url=https://edgemobilepayments.com/edge-mobile-payments-acquires-plastc |magazine=Edge |access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref> in 2017 by Edge Mobile Payments,<ref>{{cite web |title=Edge Mobile Payments |url=https://edgemobilepayments.com/ |website=Edge Mobile Payments |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716183707/https://edgemobilepayments.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a Santa Cruz-based Fintech company. The Plastc project continues as the Edge card,<ref>{{cite web |title=EDGE Mobile Payments Announces Development of the EDGE Card |url=https://edgemobilepayments.com/edge-mobile-payments-announces-development-of-the-edge-card |website=EDGE Mobile Payments |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716183706/https://edgemobilepayments.com/edge-mobile-payments-announces-development-of-the-edge-card |url-status=live }}</ref> a dynamic payment card that consolidates several payment cards in one device. The card is equipped with a battery and an ePaper screen and can store data from up to 50 credit, debit, loyalty and gift cards.

====Stratos====

Stratos<ref>{{cite web |title=Stratos |url=https://cardlabcards.com/ |website=Stratos |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506072528/https://www.cardlabcards.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was created in 2012 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. In 2015, Stratos developed the Stratos Bluetooth Connected Card,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cipriani |first1=Jason |title=One card to rule them all? Stratos smart card replaces the need for a wallet |url=https://fortune.com/2015/05/13/stratos-smart-card/ |access-date=16 July 2021 |work=Fortune |date=13 May 2015 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716184616/https://fortune.com/2015/05/13/stratos-smart-card/ |url-status=live }}</ref> which was designed to integrate up to three credit and debit card in a single card format and featured a smartphone app used to manage the card. Due to its Lithium ion thin film battery, the Stratos card was equipped with LEDs and communicated in contactless mode and in Bluetooth low Energy.

In 2017 Stratos was acquired<ref>{{cite web |title=Stratos Connected Card Platform Acquired by CardLab Innovations |url=https://cardlabcards.com/blog/2017/02/15/cardlab-acquisition-announcement/ |website=Stratos |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=12 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312101258/https://cardlabcards.com/blog/2017/02/15/cardlab-acquisition-announcement/ |url-status=live }}</ref> by CardLab Innovation, a company headquartered in Herlev, Denmark.

====Swyp====

SWYP<ref>{{cite web |title=Swyp |url=https://www.swypcard.com/ |website=Swyp |access-date=16 July 2021 |archive-date=28 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728204610/https://www.swypcard.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> was the brand name of a card developed by Qvivr, a company incorporated in 2014 in Fremont, California.  SWYP was introduced in 2015 and dubbed the world's first smart wallet. SWYP was a metal card with the ability to combine over 25 credit, debit, gift and loyalty cards. The card worked in conjunction with a smartphone app used to manage the cards. The Swyp card included a battery, a button and a matrix display that showed which card was in use. The company registered users in its beta testing program, but the product never shipped on a commercial scale.

Qvivr raised US$5&nbsp;million in January 2017<ref>{{cite news |last1=Magistretti |first1=Bérénice |title=Mobile payment startup Qvivr raises $5 million led by Khosla Ventures |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/01/31/mobile-payment-startup-qvivr-raises-5-million-led-by-khosla-ventures/ |access-date=16 July 2021 |publisher=VentureBeat |date=31 January 2017 |archive-date=16 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716184611/https://venturebeat.com/2017/01/31/mobile-payment-startup-qvivr-raises-5-million-led-by-khosla-ventures/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and went out of business in November 2017.