Editing Architecture of India (section)

=== Mughal Empire ===
{{Main|Mughal architecture}}
The most famous Indo-Islamic style is [[Mughal architecture]]. Mughal art and architecture, a characteristic Indo-Islamic-Persian style flourished on the Indian subcontinent during the Mughal empire (1526–1857). This new style combined elements of Islamic art and architecture, which had been introduced to India during the Delhi Sultanate (1192–1398) and had produced great monuments such as the Qutb Minar, with features of Persian art and architecture. Its most prominent examples are the series of imperial [[Mausoleum|mausolea]], which started with the pivotal [[Tomb of Humayun]], but is best known for the [[Taj Mahal]].

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| image4 = Tomb of Nisar Begum at Khusro Bagh Allahabad.jpg
| caption4 = Bulbous domes on Tomb of Nisar Begum at Khusro Bagh
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| image3 = Agra-Itmad ud Daulah mausoleum-South doorway and jalis-20131019.jpg
| caption3 = Pachin Kari or Pietra Dura on Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah
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| image2 = Darwaza-I-Rauza, Taj Mahal Complex, Agra, Uttar Pradesh.jpg
| caption2 = Darwaza-I-Rauza, Taj Mahal Complex, showing large vaulted gateways with delicate ornamentation and minarets with cupolas
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| image1 = Salim Chisti's Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh, India.JPG
| caption1 = The [[Tomb of Salim Chishti]] and jali latticed screens is famed as one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture in India.
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It is known for features including monumental buildings with large, bulbous onion domes, surrounded by [[Charbagh|gardens on all four sides]], and delicate ornamentation work, including [[Pietra dura|''pachin kari'']] decorative work and ''[[jali]]''-latticed screens. Pietra dura or ‘Parchinkari’ rose to prominence under patronage of Emperors specially under Shah Jahan. Originating from Italy, it found its way to Mughal courts via trade route. It adapted to its present distinct feature of floral art by the hands of local artisans and Persian influence.

Mughals brought in Persian style into Indian Architecture. The character and structure of Mughal buildings displayed a uniform character and structure. Some of the main features of the Mughal architecture are mentioned below.

# Large halls
# Very large vaulted gateways
# Delicate ornamentation
# Bulbous domes
# Slender Minarets with cupolas at the 4 corners

The [[Agra Fort|Red Fort]] at [[Agra]] (1565–74) and the walled city of [[Fatehpur Sikri]] (1569–74)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/255/|title=Fatehpur Sikri|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2019-03-12|archive-date=15 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215162920/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/255/|url-status=live}}</ref> are among the architectural achievements of this time—as is the [[Taj Mahal]], built as a tomb for Queen [[Mumtaz Mahal]] by [[Shah Jahan]] (1628–58).<ref name="eb-mughalarch">Encyclopædia Britannica (2008), ''Mughal architecture''.</ref> Employing the double dome, the recessed archway, the depiction of any animal or human—an essential part of the Indian tradition—was [[Aniconism in Islam|forbidden in places of worship under Islam]].

Mughal architecture reached its zenith during the reign of the emperor Shah Jahan (1628–58), its crowning achievement being the magnificent Taj Mahal. This period is marked by a fresh emergence in India of Persian features that had been seen earlier in the tomb of Humayun. The use of the double dome, a recessed archway inside a rectangular fronton, and parklike surroundings are all typical of this period. Symmetry and balance between the parts of a building were always stressed, while the delicacy of detail in Shah Jahan decorative work has seldom been surpassed.

The Taj Mahal does contain tilework of plant ornaments.<ref name="rjadhav" /> The [[architecture]] during the Mughal Period, with its rulers being of Turco-Mongol origin, has shown a notable blend of Indian style combined with the [[Islamic architecture|Islamic]]. Taj Mahal in Agra, India is one of the wonders of the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252/|title=Taj Mahal|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|access-date=2019-02-28|archive-date=12 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112161441/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/252|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Mughal gardens]] are gardens built by the Mughals in the [[Islamic garden|Islamic style]]. This style was influenced by [[Persian gardens]]. They are built in the [[Charbagh|''char bagh'']] structure, which is a quadrilateral garden layout based on the [[Jannah|four gardens of Paradise]] mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]. This style is intended to create a representation of an earthly utopia in which humans co-exist in perfect harmony with all elements of nature.

The quadrilateral garden is divided by walkways or flowing water into four smaller parts. Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made within the walled enclosures. Some of the typical features include pools, fountains and canals inside the gardens.<gallery widths="180" heights="120" class="center">
File:Safdarjung Tomb Delhi, India.jpg|[[Tomb of Safdar Jang|Safdarjung's Tomb]] is built in the late [[Mughal architecture|Mughal style]] for Nawab [[Safdarjung]]. The tomb is described as the "last flicker in the lamp of Mughal architecture".
File:I'timād-ud-Daulah, Agra.jpg|[[Tomb of I'timād-ud-Daulah]] is a [[Mughal era|Mughal]] mausoleum in [[Agra]]. It is noticeable for the first use of pietra dura technique. The tomb is often regarded as a draft of the [[Taj Mahal]].
File:Shalimar Bagh 1.jpg|[[Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar|Shalimar Bagh]] is a [[Mughal garden]] in [[Srinagar]], linked through a channel to the northeast of [[Dal Lake]]. The Bagh is considered the high point of Mughal [[horticulture]].
File:Akbar's Tomb -Agra -Uttar Pradesh -IMG 2116.jpg|[[Akbar's tomb|Akbar's Tomb, Agra]] was built with red sandstone by his [[Jahangir|son]] and [[Shah Jahan|grandson]] in 1605 to 1618.
File:Humayun's tomb by Shagil Kannur 4.jpg|[[Humayun's Tomb]], [[Delhi]], the first fully developed Mughal imperial tomb, 1569–70 CE<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232/|title=Humayun's Tomb, Delhi|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228192141/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232/|archive-date=2019-02-28|url-status=live|access-date=2019-02-28}}</ref>
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