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Civil engineering
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===Civil engineering systems=== Civil engineering systems is a discipline that promotes using [[systems thinking]] to manage complexity and change in civil engineering within its broader public context. It posits that the proper development of civil engineering [[infrastructure]] requires a [[Holism|holistic]], coherent understanding of the relationships between all of the crucial factors that contribute to successful projects while at the same time emphasizing the importance of attention to technical detail. Its purpose is to help integrate the entire civil engineering [[Project management|project life cycle]] from conception, through planning, designing, making, operating to decommissioning.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Introduction+to+Civil+Engineering+Systems%3A+A+Systems+Perspective+to+the+Development+of+Civil+Engineering+Facilities-p-9780470530634 |first=Samuel |last=Labi |title=Introduction to Civil Engineering Systems: A Systems Perspective to the Development of Civil Engineering Facilities |date=2014 |publisher=John Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-53063-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=David |last1=Blockley |first2=Patrick |last2=Godfrey |title=Doing it Differently: Systems for Rethinking Infrastructure |year=2017 |edition=2nd |publisher=ICE Publications |location=London |isbn=978-0-7277-6082-1}}</ref>
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