Editing Consonant mutation (section)

=== Indonesian and Malay ===
The active form of a multisyllabic verb with an initial [[stop consonant]] or [[fricative consonant]] is formed by prefixing the verb stem with ''meN-'' in which ''N'' stands for a [[nasal consonant|nasal]] sharing the same [[place of articulation]] as the initial consonant:

*garuk → me'''ng'''garuk (= to scratch), hitung → me'''ng'''hitung (= to count),
*beri → me'''m'''beri (= to give), fitnah → me'''m'''fitnah (= to accuse falsely),
*cari → me'''n'''cari (= to search), dapat → me'''n'''dapat (= to obtain), *jangkau → me'''n'''jangkau (= to reach)

An initial consonant that is an unvoiced stop or ''s'' is deleted, leaving only the nasal in its place.

*'''k'''andung → me'''ng'''andung (= to contain or to be pregnant),
*'''p'''utih → me'''m'''utih (= to turn white),
*'''s'''atu → me'''ny'''atu (= to become one / to unite),
*'''t'''ulis → me'''n'''ulis (= to write).

Applied to verbs starting with a vowel, the nasal is realized as ''ng'' {{IPA|([ŋ])}}.

Monosyllabic verbs add an [[epenthetic vowel]] before prefixing and produce the prefix ''menge-'':

*bor (= boring tool / drill) → me'''nge'''bor (= to make a hole with drill).

Verbs starting with a nasal or [[approximant consonant]] do not add any mutant nasal, only ''me-''.<ref>Examples adapted from [[Wikibooks:Indonesian prefix me]]</ref>

The colloquial language (especially Jakartan Indonesian) drops ''me-'' prefix but tends to replace it with nasalization in some consonants:{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

*'''t'''anya → '''men'''anya → '''n'''anya
*'''p'''ikir → '''mem'''ikir → '''m'''ikir
*'''me'''repotkan → '''ng(e)'''repotin