Editing Humanoid robot (section)

==Timeline of developments==
{| class="wikitable" width="100%"
! style="width:4%" |Year
!Subject
!Notes
|-
|{{circa|250 BCE}}
|Automaton
|A humanoid automaton is detailed in the ''Liezi'', written by Chinese philosopher Lie Yukou.<ref name=":9" />
|-
|{{circa|50 CE}}
|''Automata''
|Greek mathematician [[Hero of Alexandria]] described a machine that automatically pours wine for party guests.<ref>Hero of Alexandria; Bennet Woodcroft (trans.) (1851). Temple Doors opened by Fire on an Altar. Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria. London: Taylor Walton and Maberly (online edition from University of Rochester, Rochester, NY). Retrieved on 2008-04-23.</ref>
|-
|1206
|
|[[Ismail al-Jazari|Ismail Al-Jazari]] described a band made up of humanoid automata which, according to Charles B. Fowler, performed "more than fifty facial and body actions during each musical selection."<ref>Fowler, Charles B. (October 1967), "The Museum of Music: A History of Mechanical Instruments", ''Music Educators Journal'' '''54''' (2): 45-9</ref> Al-Jazari also created hand-washing automata with automatic humanoid servants.<ref name="Rosheim22"/> His programmable "castle clock" also featured five musician automata which automatically played music when moved by levers operated by a hidden [[camshaft]] attached to a [[water wheel]].<ref name="Ancient Discoveries2">{{Cite AV media |title=Ancient Discoveries, Episode 11: Ancient Robots |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxjbaQl0ad8 |url-status=dead |publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]] |access-date=2008-09-06 |via=YouTube |archive-date=2014-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301151115/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxjbaQl0ad8 }}</ref>
|-
|1495
|[[Leonardo's robot]]
|Leonardo da Vinci designs a humanoid automaton clad in a suit of knight's armor and operated by pulleys and cables.<ref name=":11" />
|-
|1738
|The Flute Player
|Jacques de Vaucanson builds ''The Flute Player'', a life-size automaton capable of playing different melodies on the flute.<ref name=":13" />
|-
|1774
|
|[[Pierre Jacquet-Droz]] and his son Henri-Louis created the Draughtsman, the Musicienne and the Writer, a figure of a boy that could write messages up to 40 characters long.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robot History at iiRobotics: The Robot Shop|url=http://www.iirobotics.com/webpages/robothistory.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060522145917/http://www.iirobotics.com/webpages/robothistory.php|archive-date=2006-05-22|access-date=2005-11-15}}</ref>
|-
|1898
|
|[[Nikola Tesla]] publicly demonstrates his "automaton" technology by wirelessly controlling a model boat at the Electrical Exposition held at Madison Square Garden in New York City during the height of the Spanish–American War.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikola Tesla|url=https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/nikola-tesla|access-date=2021-11-04|website=HISTORY|date=13 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1921
|
|Czech writer [[Karel Čapek]] introduced the word "robot" in his play ''[[R.U.R.]]'' (which stands for "Rossum's Universal Robots"). The word "robot" comes from the word "robota", meaning, in Czech and Polish, "labour, drudgery".<ref name="robotics.megagiant.com2">{{cite web|title=MegaGiant Robotics|url=http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819123742/http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html|archive-date=2007-08-19|access-date=2005-11-15|work=megagiant.com}}</ref>
|-
|1927
|[[Maschinenmensch]]
|The ("machine-human"), a [[gynoid]] humanoid robot, also called "Parody", "Futura", "Robotrix", or the "Maria impersonator" (played by German actress [[Brigitte Helm]]), one of the earliest humanoid robots ever to appear on film, is depicted in [[Fritz Lang]]'s film ''[[Metropolis (1927 film)|Metropolis]]''.
|-
|1928
|[[Eric (robot)|Eric]]
|An electrical robot opens an exhibition of the Society of Model Engineers at London's Royal Horticultural Hall in London, and tours the world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fell|first=Jade|date=2016-10-20|title=Britain's first robot brought back to life by the Science Museum|url=https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2016/10/eric-britain-s-first-robot-brought-back-to-life-by-the-science-museum/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=eandt.theiet.org|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|1939
|[[Elektro]]
|A humanoid robot built by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-28|title=Elektro the Moto-Man Had the Biggest Brain at the 1939 World's Fair|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/elektro-the-motoman-had-the-biggest-brain-at-the-1939-worlds-fair|access-date=2021-11-04|website=IEEE Spectrum|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1941-42
|[[Three Laws of Robotics]]
|[[Isaac Asimov]] formulates the Three Laws of Robotics, used in his robot science fiction stories, and in the process of doing so, coins the word "robotics".<ref>{{Cite web|last=US|first=Christoph Salge,The Conversation|title=Asimov's Laws Won't Stop Robots from Harming Humans, So We've Developed a Better Solution|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/asimovs-laws-wont-stop-robots-from-harming-humans-so-weve-developed-a-better-solution/|access-date=2021-11-04|website=Scientific American|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|1948
|[[Cybernetics]]
|[[Norbert Wiener]] formulates the principles of cybernetics, the basis of practical [[robotics]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wiener|first=Norbert|title=Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=1948|isbn=0-262-23007-0|location=United States|language=English}}{{page needed|date=August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|1961
|[[Unimate]]
|The first digitally operated and programmable non-humanoid robot, is installed on a [[General Motors]] [[assembly line]] to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them. It was created by [[George Devol]] and constructed by [[Unimation]], the first robot manufacturing company.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Robot Hall of Fame - Powered by Carnegie Mellon University|url=http://www.robothalloffame.org/inductees/03inductees/unimate.html|access-date=2021-11-04|website=www.robothalloffame.org}}</ref>
|-
|1967 to 1972
|WABOT-1
|[[Waseda University]] initiated the WABOT project in 1967, and in 1972 completed the WABOT-1, the world's first full-scale humanoid intelligent robot.<ref>{{cite web|title=Humanoid History -WABOT-|url=http://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/kato_2-j.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901004318/http://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/kato_2-j.html|archive-date=1 September 2017|access-date=3 May 2018|website=www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-22368-1_7 |chapter=Experimental Inspiration and Rapid Prototyping of a Novel Humanoid Torso |title=Robotics and Mechatronics |series=Mechanisms and Machine Science |date=2016 |last1=Cafolla |first1=D. |last2=Ceccarelli |first2=M. |volume=37 |pages=65–74 |isbn=978-3-319-22367-4 }}</ref> It was the first [[Android (robot)|android]], able to walk, communicate with a person in Japanese (with an artificial mouth), measure distances and directions to the objects using external receptors (artificial ears and eyes), and grip and transport objects with hands.<ref name="androidworld.com2">{{cite web|title=Historical Android Projects|url=http://www.androidworld.com/prod06.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125164748/http://www.androidworld.com/prod06.htm|archive-date=2005-11-25|access-date=2005-11-15|work=androidworld.com}}</ref><ref>[[iarchive:robotsfromscienc0000ichb|''Robots: From Science Fiction to Technological Revolution'']], page 130</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Duffy|first=Vincent G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgLLBQAAQBAJ&pg=SA3-PA1|title=Handbook of Digital Human Modeling: Research for Applied Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering|date=19 April 2016|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9781420063523|access-date=3 May 2018|via=Google Books}}{{page needed|date=August 2024}}</ref>
|-
|1969
|
|D.E. Whitney publishes his article "Resolved motion rate control of manipulators and human prosthesis".<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1109/TMMS.1969.299896 |title=Resolved Motion Rate Control of Manipulators and Human Prostheses |date=1969 |last1=Whitney |first1=Daniel |journal=IEEE Transactions on Man Machine Systems |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=47–53 }}</ref>
|-
|1970
|[[Zero Moment Point]]
|[[Miomir Vukobratović]] proposed a theoretical model to explain [[Bipedalism|bipedal locomotion]].<ref>[http://www.imp.bg.ac.rs/prez/lab150/eng.pdf Vukobratović CV]{{Dead link|date=December 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
|-
|1972
|[[Powered exoskeleton]]
|[[Miomir Vukobratović]] and his associates at [[Mihajlo Pupin Institute]] build the first active anthropomorphic exoskeleton.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Exoskeletons History - part 4|url=https://www.mechatech.co.uk/journal/exoskeleton-history-part-4|access-date=2021-11-05|website=www.mechatech.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
|1980
|
|Marc Raibert established the MIT Leg Lab, which is dedicated to studying legged locomotion and building dynamic legged robots.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electric Dreams - Marc Raibert|url=http://robosapiens.mit.edu/electric3.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050508021438/http://robosapiens.mit.edu/electric3.htm|archive-date=8 May 2005|access-date=3 May 2018|website=robosapiens.mit.edu}}</ref>
|-
|1983
|Greenman
|Using MB Associates arms, "Greenman" was developed by Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego. It had an exoskeletal master controller with kinematic equivalency and spatial correspondence of the torso, arms, and head. Its vision system consisted of two 525-line video cameras each having a 35-degree field of view and video camera eyepiece monitors mounted in an aviator's helmet.<ref>{{cite web|title=Archived copy|url=http://www.nosc.mil/robots/telepres/greenman/greenman.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051019001748/http://www.nosc.mil/robots/telepres/greenman/greenman.html|archive-date=2005-10-19|access-date=2005-11-15}}</ref>
|-
|1984
|WABOT-2
|At [[Waseda University]], the WABOT-2 is created, a musician humanoid robot able to communicate with a person, read a normal musical score with his eyes and play tunes of average difficulty on an electronic organ.<ref name="androidworld.com2" />
|-
|1985
|WHL-11
|Developed by Hitachi Ltd, WHL-11 is a biped robot capable of static walking on a flat surface at 13 seconds per step and it can also turn.<ref name="androidworld.com2" />
|-
|1986
|[[Honda E series]]
|[[Honda]] developed seven biped robots which were designated E0 (Experimental Model 0) through E6. E0 was in 1986, E1 – E3 were done between 1987 and 1991, and E4 - E6 were done between 1991 and 1993.<ref name="honda.co.jp2">{{cite web|title=Honda｜ASIMO｜ロボット開発の歴史|url=http://www.honda.co.jp/ASIMO/history/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229200907/http://www.honda.co.jp/ASIMO/history/index.html|archive-date=2005-12-29|access-date=2005-11-15|work=honda.co.jp}}</ref>
|-
|1989
|Manny
|A full-scale anthropomorphic robot with 42 [[Degrees of freedom (engineering)|degrees of freedom]] developed at Battelle's Pacific Northwest Laboratories in Richland, Washington, for the US Army's Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. It could not walk on its own but it could crawl, and had an artificial respiratory system to simulate breathing and sweating.<ref name="androidworld.com2" />
|-
|1990
|
|Tad McGeer showed that a biped mechanical structure with knees could walk passively down a sloping surface.<ref>{{cite web|title=droidlogic.com|url=http://www.droidlogic.com/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122013123/http://www.droidlogic.com/|archive-date=January 22, 2008}}</ref>
|-
|1993
|[[Honda P series]]
|[[Honda]] developed P1 (Prototype Model 1) through P3, an evolution from E series, with upper limbs. Developed until 1997.<ref name="honda.co.jp2" />
|-
|1995
|Hadaly
|Developed in [[Waseda University]] to study human-robot communication and has three subsystems: a head-eye subsystem, a voice control system for listening and speaking in Japanese, and a motion-control subsystem to use the arms to point toward campus destinations.<ref name=":18">{{cite journal |last1=Hashimoto |first1=S. |last2=Narita |first2=S. |last3=Kasahara |first3=H. |last4=Shirai |first4=K. |last5=Kobayashi |first5=T. |last6=Takanishi |first6=A. |last7=Sugano |first7=S. |last8=Yamaguchi |first8=J. |last9=Sawada |first9=H. |last10=Takanobu |first10=H. |last11=Shibuya |first11=K. |last12=Morita |first12=T. |last13=Kurata |first13=T. |last14=Onoe |first14=N. |last15=Ouchi |first15=K. |last16=Noguchi |first16=T. |last17=Niwa |first17=Y. |last18=Nagayama |first18=S. |last19=Tabayashi |first19=H. |last20=Matsui |first20=I. |last21=Obata |first21=M. |last22=Matsuzaki |first22=H. |last23=Murasugi |first23=A. |last24=Kobayashi |first24=T. |last25=Haruyama |first25=S. |last26=Okada |first26=T. |last27=Hidaki |first27=Y. |last28=Taguchi |first28=Y. |last29=Hoashi |first29=K. |last30=Morikawa |first30=E. |last31=Iwano |first31=Y. |last32=Araki |first32=D. |last33=Suzuki |first33=J. |last34=Yokoyama |first34=M. |last35=Dawa |first35=I. |last36=Nishino |first36=D. |last37=Inoue |first37=S. |last38=Hirano |first38=T. |last39=Soga |first39=E. |last40=Gen |first40=S. |last41=Yanada |first41=T. |last42=Kato |first42=K. |last43=Sakamoto |first43=S. |last44=Ishii |first44=Y. |last45=Matsuo |first45=S. |last46=Yamamoto |first46=Y. |last47=Sato |first47=K. |last48=Hagiwara |first48=T. |last49=Ueda |first49=T. |last50=Honda |first50=N. |last51=Hashimoto |first51=K. |last52=Hanamoto |first52=T. |last53=Kayaba |first53=S. |last54=Kojima |first54=T. |last55=Iwata |first55=H. |last56=Kubodera |first56=H. |last57=Matsuki |first57=R. |last58=Nakajima |first58=T. |last59=Nitto |first59=K. |last60=Yamamoto |first60=D. |last61=Kamizaki |first61=Y. |last62=Nagaike |first62=S. |last63=Kunitake |first63=Y. |last64=Morita |first64=S. |title=Humanoid Robots in Waseda University—Hadaly-2 and WABIAN |journal=Autonomous Robots |date=2002 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=25–38 |doi=10.1023/A:1013202723953 }}</ref>
|-
|1995
|Wabian
|A human-size biped walking robot from Waseda University.<ref name=":18" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |1996
|Saika
|A light-weight, human-size and low-cost humanoid robot, was developed at Tokyo University. Saika has a two-DOF neck, dual five-DOF upper arms, a torso and a head. Several types of hands and forearms are under development also. Developed until 1998.<ref name="androidworld.com2" />
|-
|Vanderbilt Humanoid
|The Intelligent Robotics Lab built ISAC (Intelligent Soft Arm Control) robot uses Bridgestone Robotics arms. The Bridgestone robotic arm uses pneumatic-actuated chambers to simulate the human-muscle contraction and expansion. In 1995, the two arms were augmented with a mechanical "head" called CATCH (Cost-effective Active Camera Head). CATCH was built by a graduate student,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bishay |first1=Magued |last2=Peters |first2=R. Alan |last3=Wilkes |first3=Don M. |last4=Kawamura |first4=Kazuhiko |date=1997-09-26 |editor-last=Casasent |editor-first=David P. |title=Hand-eye coordination with an active camera head |journal=Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision Xvi: Algorithms |volume=3208 |url=http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=932138 |pages=406–417 |doi=10.1117/12.290312|bibcode=1997SPIE.3208..406B |url-access=subscription }}</ref> then used for autonomous navigation and put on the two arms to create the third humanoid in the World after Honda's Asimo and MIT's COG.  
|-
|1997
|Hadaly-2
|A humanoid robot designed in [[Waseda University]] which realizes interactive communication with humans. It communicates not only informationally, but also physically.<ref name=":18" />
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
|[[ASIMO]]
|[[Honda]] creates its 11th bipedal humanoid robot, able to run.<ref name="honda.co.jp2" />
|-
|[[Xianxingzhe]]
|The [[National University of Defense Technology]] creates the first bipedal humanoid robot in China.
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
|[[Qrio]]
|[[Sony]] unveils small humanoid entertainment robots, dubbed Sony Dream Robot (SDR). Renamed Qrio in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2004-05-22|title=QRIO: The Robot That Could|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/qrio-the-robot-that-could|access-date=2021-11-05|website=IEEE Spectrum|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[HOAP]]
|[[Fujitsu]] realized its first commercial humanoid robot named HOAP-1. Its successors, HOAP-2 and HOAP-3, were announced in 2003 and 2005, respectively. HOAP is designed for a broad range of applications for R&D of robot technologies.<ref>{{cite web|title=Research & Development|url=http://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/rd/200506hoap-series.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070349/http://www.fujitsu.com/global/about/rd/200506hoap-series.html|archive-date=2008-05-09|access-date=2008-05-21}}</ref>
|-
|2002
|HRP-2
|A biped walking robot built by the Manufacturing Science and Technology Center (MSTC) in Tokyo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Humanoid Robotics|url=http://global.kawada.jp/mechatronics/hrp2.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072825/http://global.kawada.jp/mechatronics/hrp2.html|archive-date=2016-03-04|access-date=2012-10-18}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
|JOHNNIE
|An autonomous biped walking robot built at the [[Technical University of Munich]]. The main objective was to realize an anthropomorphic walking machine with a human-like, dynamically stable gait.<ref>{{cite web|title=TUM - Lehrstuhl für angewandte Mechanik: Zweibeinige Laufmaschine JOHNNIE|url=http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/index.php?id=182|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615103538/http://www.amm.mw.tum.de/index.php?id=182|archive-date=2006-06-15|access-date=2007-12-07}}</ref>
|-
|[[Actroid]]
|A robot with realistic silicone "skin" developed by [[Osaka University]] in conjunction with Kokoro Company Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|title=新サイトへ|url=http://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/robot/act/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023163520/http://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/robot/act/index.html|archive-date=2006-10-23|work=kokoro-dreams.co.jp}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
|Persia
|Iran's first humanoid robot, was developed using realistic simulation by researchers of [[Isfahan University of Technology]] in conjunction with ISTT.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Humanoid Robot - Dynamics and Robotics Center|url=http://drc.somee.com/web/en/content/Projects/HumanoidRobot.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919001659/http://drc.somee.com/web/en/content/Projects/HumanoidRobot.asp|archive-date=2016-09-19|access-date=2016-09-18}}</ref>
|-
|[[KHR-1]]
|A programmable bipedal humanoid robot introduced in June 2004 by a Japanese company Kondo Kagaku.
|-
| rowspan="4" |2005
|[[HUBO]]
|A walking humanoid robot developed by [[KAIST|Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology]] in January 2005. 
|-
|PKD Android
|A conversational humanoid robot made in the likeness of science fiction novelist [[Philip K Dick]], was developed as a collaboration between [[David Hanson (robotics designer)|Hanson Robotics]], the [[FedEx Institute of Technology]], and the [[University of Memphis]].<ref>{{cite web|title=PKD Android|url=http://www.pkdandroid.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001204846/http://www.pkdandroid.org/|archive-date=2009-10-01|access-date=2019-01-29|work=pkdandroid.org}}</ref>
|-
|[[Wakamaru]]
|A Japanese domestic robot made by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, primarily intended to provide companionship to elderly and disabled people.<ref>{{cite web|title=NEWS wakamaru|url=http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/news/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701034636/http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/news/index.html|archive-date=2007-07-01|access-date=2007-07-02}}</ref>
|-
|[[Actroid]]
|The Geminoid series is a series of ultra-realistic humanoid robots developed by [[Hiroshi Ishiguro]] of ATR and Kokoro in Tokyo. The original one, Geminoid HI-1, was made at its image. Followed Geminoid-F in 2010 and Geminoid-DK in 2011.<ref name="aldebaran2">{{cite web|title=Aldebaran Robotics|url=http://www.aldebaran-robotics.com/en/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614180833/http://www.aldebaran-robotics.com/en|archive-date=2010-06-14|access-date=2012-10-18}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2006
|[[Nao (robot)|Nao]]
|A small open source programmable humanoid robot developed by Aldebaran Robotics, in France. Widely used by worldwide universities as a research platform and educational tool.<ref name="aldebaran2" />
|-
|[[REEM#Specifications|REEM-A]]
|The first fully autonomous European biped humanoid robot, designed to play chess with the [[Hydra (chess)|Hydra Chess engine]]. The first robot developed by PAL Robotics, it was also used as a walking, manipulation, speech and vision development platform.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eduard Gamonal|title=PAL Robotics — advanced full-size humanoid service robots for events and research world-wide|url=http://pal-robotics.com/robots/reem-a|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104180912/http://www.pal-robotics.com/robots/reem-a|archive-date=2012-01-04|work=pal-robotics.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[iCub]]
|A biped humanoid open source robot for cognition research.<ref>{{cite web|title=iCub.org|url=http://www.icub.org/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716044817/http://www.icub.org/|archive-date=2010-07-16|access-date=2012-10-18}}</ref>
|-
|[[MAHRU|Mahru]]
|A network-based biped humanoid robot developed in South Korea.<ref>{{cite web|author=Erico Guizzo|title=Humanoid Robot Mahru Mimics a Person's Movements in Real Time|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/042710-humanoid-robot-mahru-real-time-teleoperation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020000858/https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/042710-humanoid-robot-mahru-real-time-teleoperation|archive-date=2012-10-20|work=[[IEEE]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007
|[[TOPIO]]
|A ping pong playing robot developed by TOSY Robotics JSC.<ref>{{cite web|author=Roxana Deduleasa|date=5 December 2007|title=I, the Ping-Pong Robot!|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/I-The-Ping-pong-Robot-72870.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202113848/http://news.softpedia.com/news/I-The-Ping-pong-Robot-72870.shtml|archive-date=2 February 2009|access-date=5 May 2009|work=softpedia}}</ref>
|-
|Twendy-One
|A robot developed by the WASEDA University Sugano Laboratory for home assistance services. It is not biped, as it uses an omni-directional mobile mechanism.<ref>{{cite web|author=早稲田大学 理工学部 機械工学科 菅野研究室 TWENDYチーム|title=TWENDY-ONE|url=http://www.twendyone.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221021636/http://www.twendyone.com/|archive-date=2012-12-21|work=twendyone.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2008
|[[Justin (robot)|Justin]]
|A humanoid robot developed by the [[German Aerospace Center]] (DLR).<ref>{{cite web |title=Der Mensch im Mittelpunkt - DLR präsentiert auf der AUTOMATICA ein neues Chirurgie-System|url=http://www.dlr.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-667/7411_read-12710/7411_page-4/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429050522/http://www.dlr.de/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-667/7411_read-12710/7411_page-4/|archive-date=2014-04-29|access-date=2015-12-09|website=DLR}}</ref>
|-
|Nexi
|The first mobile, dexterous, and social robot, makes its public debut as one of ''TIME'' magazine's top inventions of the year.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=2008-10-29|title=Best Inventions Of 2008|magazine=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1852747_1854195_1854135,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107230710/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1852747_1854195_1854135,00.html|archive-date=2012-11-07}}</ref> The robot was built through a collaboration between the MIT Media Lab Personal Robots Group,<ref>{{cite web|title=Personal Robots Group|url=http://robotic.media.mit.edu/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414191124/http://robotic.media.mit.edu/index.html|archive-date=2010-04-14}}</ref> UMass Amherst and Meka Robotics.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meka Robotics LLC|url=http://www.mekabot.com/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102134806/http://mekabot.com/|archive-date=2011-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Overview|url=http://robotic.media.mit.edu/projects/robots/mds/overview/overview.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419111021/http://robotic.media.mit.edu/projects/robots/mds/overview/overview.html|archive-date=2010-04-19|access-date=2010-04-27}}</ref>
|-
|[[Salvius (robot)|Salvius]]
|The first open source humanoid robot built in the United States is created.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Yumpu.com|title=January 17, 2013 PDF Edition - Wilbraham-Hampden Times|url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/13298912/january-17-2013-pdf-edition-wilbraham-hampden-times|access-date=2021-11-05|website=yumpu.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[REEM#Specifications|REEM-B]]
|The second biped humanoid robot developed by PAL Robotics. It has the ability to autonomously learn its environment using various sensors and carry 20% of its own weight.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eduard Gamonal|title=PAL Robotics — advanced full-size humanoid service robots for events and research world-wide|url=http://pal-robotics.com/robots/reem-b|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309190528/http://www.pal-robotics.com/robots/reem-b|archive-date=2012-03-09|work=pal-robotics.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[Surena (robot)|Surena]]
|It had a height of 165 centimetres and weight of 60 kilograms, and is able to speak according to predefined text. It also has remote control and tracking ability.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Erico |last=Guizzo |date=2020-02-13 |title=Iran Unveils Its Most Advanced Humanoid Robot Yet|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-surena-iv-humanoid-robot|access-date=2021-11-05|work=IEEE Spectrum|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2009
|[[HRP-4C]]
|A Japanese domestic robot made by [[National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology]], shows human characteristics in addition to bipedal walking.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HRP-4C - ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics|url=https://robotsguide.com/robots/hrp4c/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=[[IEEE]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Kobian
|A robot developed by Waseda University can walk, talk, and mimic emotions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Japanese Humanoid Robot, Kobian, Walks, Talks, Crys and Laughs (VIDEO)|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/27208/japanese-humanoid-robot-kobian-walks-talks-crys-and-laughs-video/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123134724/http://www.inquisitr.com/27208/japanese-humanoid-robot-kobian-walks-talks-crys-and-laughs-video/|archive-date=2011-11-23|work=The Inquisitr News|date=24 June 2009 }}</ref>
|-
|[[DARwIn-OP]]
|An open source robot developed by ROBOTIS in collaboration with Virginia Tech, Purdue University, and University of Pennsylvania. This project was supported and sponsored by NSF.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darwin-OP - ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics|url=https://robotsguide.com/robots/darwin/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=[[IEEE]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
|[[Robonaut#Robonaut 2|Robonaut 2]]
|A very advanced humanoid robot by [[NASA]] and [[General Motors]]. It was part of the payload of Shuttle Discovery on the successful launch February 24, 2011. It is intended to do spacewalks for NASA.<ref>{{cite web|title=Say Hello to Robonaut2, NASA's Android Space Explorer of the Future|url=http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-02/nasa-unveils-android-astronaut|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207025109/http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-02/nasa-unveils-android-astronaut|archive-date=2010-02-07|work=Popular Science|date=5 February 2010 }}</ref>
|-
|[[HRP-4C]]
|[[National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology]] demonstrate their humanoid robot singing and dancing along with human dancers.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Make a Humanoid Robot Dance|date=2 November 2010 |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-to-make-a-robot-dance|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107043213/https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/how-to-make-a-robot-dance|archive-date=2010-11-07}}</ref>
|-
|[[REEM]]
|A humanoid service robot with a wheeled mobile base. Developed by PAL Robotics, it can perform autonomous navigation in various surroundings and has voice and face recognition capabilities.<ref>{{cite web|author=Eduard Gamonal|title=PAL Robotics — advanced full-size humanoid service robots for events and research world-wide|url=http://pal-robotics.com/robots/reem|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313060629/http://www.pal-robotics.com/robots/reem|archive-date=2011-03-13|access-date=2012-02-21|work=pal-robotics.com}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|[[ASIMO]]
|In November, Honda unveiled its second generation Honda Asimo Robot. The all new Asimo is the first version of the robot with semi-autonomous capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Honda Global {{!}} ASIMO|url=https://global.honda/innovation/robotics/ASIMO.html#2011|access-date=2021-11-05|website=global.honda|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105085152/https://global.honda/innovation/robotics/ASIMO.html#2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|[[NimbRo]]
|The Autonomous Intelligent Systems Group of University of Bonn, Germany, introduces the Humanoid TeenSize Open Platform NimbRo-OP.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-3-662-44468-9_51 |chapter=Humanoid TeenSize Open Platform NimbRo-OP |title=RoboCup 2013: Robot World Cup XVII |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |date=2014 |last1=Schwarz |first1=Max |last2=Pastrana |first2=Julio |last3=Allgeuer |first3=Philipp |last4=Schreiber |first4=Michael |last5=Schueller |first5=Sebastian |last6=Missura |first6=Marcell |last7=Behnke |first7=Sven |volume=8371 |pages=568–575 |isbn=978-3-662-44467-2 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2013
| rowspan="2" |TORO
|The [[German Aerospace Center]] (DLR) presents the humanoid robot TORO (''TOrque-controlled humanoid RObot).''<ref>{{Cite web|title=DLR - Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics - Toro|url=https://www.dlr.de/rm/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-11678/#gallery/28603|access-date=2019-06-17|website=www.dlr.de}}</ref>
|-
|On December 20–21, 2013, [[DARPA Robotics Challenge]] ranked the top 16 humanoid robots competing for the US$2 million cash prize. The leading team, SCHAFT, with 27 out of a possible score of 30 was bought by [[Google]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.theroboticschallenge.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611162358/http://theroboticschallenge.org/|archive-date=2015-06-11|work=theroboticschallenge.org}}</ref>
|-
|[[REEM|REEM-C]]
|PAL Robotics launches REEM-C, the first humanoid biped robot developed as a robotics research platform 100% [http://www.ros.org/ ROS] based.<ref>{{Cite web|title=REEM-C - ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics|url=https://robotsguide.com/robots/reemc/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=[[IEEE]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Poppy
|The first open-source 3D-printed humanoid robot. Bio-inspired, with legs designed for biped locomotion. Developed by the Flower Departments at [[INRIA]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Poppy, the open source / open hardware humanoid robot inspiring innovation in labs & classrooms ! « IEEE SCV RAS Chapter|url=https://r6.ieee.org/scv-ras/2015/01/30/poppy/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=[[IEEE]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|[[Manav (robot)|Manav]]
|India's first 3D printed humanoid robot developed in the laboratory of A-SET Training and Research Institutes by [[Diwakar Vaish]] (head Robotics and Research, A-SET Training and Research Institutes).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Menezes|first=Beryl|title=Meet Manav, India's first 3D-printed humanoid robot|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/rc86Iu7h3rb44087oDts1H/Meet-Manav-Indias-first-3Dprinted-humanoid-robot.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929044348/http://www.livemint.com/Industry/rc86Iu7h3rb44087oDts1H/Meet-Manav-Indias-first-3Dprinted-humanoid-robot.html|archive-date=2015-09-29|access-date=2015-09-30|website=www.livemint.com|date=28 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Pepper (robot)|Pepper robot]]
|After the acquisition of Aldebaran, SoftBank Robotics releases a robot available for the public.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pepper - ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics|url=https://robotsguide.com/robots/pepper/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=[[IEEE]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nadine Social Robot|Nadine]]
|A female humanoid [[social robot]] designed in [[Nanyang Technological University]], Singapore, and modelled on its director [[Nadia Magnenat Thalmann|Professor Nadia Magnenat Thalmann]]. Nadine is a socially intelligent robot which returns greetings, makes eye contact, and remembers all the conversations it has had.<ref>J. Zhang J, N. Magnenat Thalmann and J. Zheng, [http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2915952 Combining Memory and Emotion With Dialog on Social Companion: A Review], Proceedings of the ACM 29th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2016), pp. 1-9, Geneva, Switzerland, May 23–25, 2016</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Berger|first=Sarah|date=2015-12-31|title=Humanlike, Social Robot 'Nadine' Can Feel Emotions And Has A Good Memory, Scientists Claim|work=International Business Times|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/humanlike-social-robot-nadine-can-feel-emotions-has-good-memory-scientists-claim-2245600|access-date=2016-01-12}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2016
|[[Sophia (robot)|Sophia]]
|A humanoid robot developed by "Hanson Robotics", Hong Kong, and modelled after [[Audrey Hepburn]]. Sophia has artificial intelligence, visual data processing and facial recognition.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parviainen |first1=Jaana |last2=Coeckelbergh |first2=Mark |title=The political choreography of the Sophia robot: beyond robot rights and citizenship to political performances for the social robotics market |journal=AI & Society |date=September 2021 |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=715–724 |doi=10.1007/s00146-020-01104-w |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|-
|OceanOne
|Developed by a team at Stanford University, led by computer science professor [[Oussama Khatib]], OceanOne completed its first mission, diving for treasure in a shipwreck off the coast of France, at a depth of 100 meters. The robot is controlled remotely, has haptic sensors in its hands, and artificial intelligence capabilities.<ref>{{cite web|title=How did a Stanford-designed 'humanoid' discover a vase from a Louis XIV shipwreck?|url=http://www.montereyherald.com/general-news/20160427/how-did-a-stanford-designed-humanoid-discover-a-vase-from-a-louis-xiv-shipwreck/3|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021205530/http://www.montereyherald.com/general-news/20160427/how-did-a-stanford-designed-humanoid-discover-a-vase-from-a-louis-xiv-shipwreck/3|archive-date=21 October 2017|access-date=3 May 2018|website=montereyherald.com}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|TALOS
|PAL Robotics launches TALOS,<ref>{{Citation|title=TALOS: A new humanoid research platform targeted for industrial applications|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01485519/document|language=en-US}}</ref> a fully electrical humanoid robot with joint torque sensors and EtherCAT communication technology that can manipulate up to 6&nbsp;kg payload in each of its grippers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-03-07|title=TALOS Humanoid Now Available from PAL Robotics|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/talos-humanoid-now-available-from-pal-robotics|access-date=2021-11-05|website=IEEE Spectrum|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[Rashmi Robot]]
|A multilingual realistic humanoid robot was launched in India by Ranjit Shrivastav having emotional interpretation capabilities <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-02|title=Ranchi man develops humanoid robot Rashmi, Indian version of 'Sophia'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ranchi-man-develops-humanoid-robot-rashmi-an-indian-version-of-sophia/story-4O6D2mkMeb3tKORqNT820I.html|access-date=2020-02-21|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2020
|Digit
|On January 5, 2020 [[Agility Robotics]] introduced the first version of Digit, their humanoid robot, initially purchased by [[Ford Motor Company]] for research into autonomous [[Last mile (transportation)|last-mile delivery]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Korosec |first=Kirsten |date=2020-01-06 |title=Agility's two-legged robot Digit is for sale and Ford is the first customer |url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/05/agilitys-two-legged-robot-digit-is-for-sale-and-ford-is-the-first-customer/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Vyommitra]]
|A female-looking spacefaring humanoid robot being developed by the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] to function on board the [[Gaganyaan]], a crewed orbital spacecraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/gaganyaan-vyommitra-talking-humanoid-isro-space-1639077-2020-01-22|title = Gaganyaan mission: Meet Vyommitra, the talking human robot that Isro will send to space| date=22 January 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|[[Shalu Robot|Robot Shalu]]
|Homemade [[Artificial intelligence|Artificially Intelligent]], Indian [[Multilingualism|Multilingual]] Humanoid Robot, made-up of [[Waste|waste materials]], that can speak 9 Indian and 38 foreign languages (total 47 languages), developed by [[Dinesh Kunwar Patel]], Computer Science teacher, [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]] Mumbai, India. Shalu can recognize a person and remember them, identify many objects, solve mathematical problems, give horoscopes and weather reports, teach in a classroom, conduct a quiz, and do many other things.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jagran Josh|date=5 Feb 2021|title=KV Teacher turns Innovator, Develops Social Humanoid Robot 'Shalu' that can speak 9 Indian, 38 Foreign Languages|work=[[Jagran Prakashan Limited]]|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/kv-teacher-turns-innovator-develops-social-humanoid-robot-shalu-that-can-speak-9-indian-36-foreign-languages-1612431262-1|access-date=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|[[Ameca (robot)|Ameca]]
|In January 2022 [[Engineered Arts|Engineered Arts Ltd]] gave the first public demonstration of their humanoid robot Ameca.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-01 |title=The humanoid robot, Ameca, revealed at CES show |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/59909789 |access-date=2023-01-02 |website=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Optimus (robot)|Optimus]]
|On October 1, 2022, Tesla unveiled version 1 of their humanoid robot Optimus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-10-01 |title=Optimus |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2022/10/01/tesla-bot-optimus-everything-we-know-so-far/?sh=4408e5d517bb |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.forbes.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
|Digit
|On March 20, 2023 [[Agility Robotics]] revealed the fourth version of Digit. Adding a head, new manipulators, and perception systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heater |first=Brian |date=2023-03-20 |title=Meet the new face of Agility Robotics' Digit |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/03/20/meet-the-new-face-and-hands-of-agility-robotics-digit/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|[[Optimus (robot)|Optimus]]
|In December 2023, Tesla unveiled Optimus version 2, featuring 30% faster movement, 10&nbsp;kg less weight, and sensors on all 10 fingers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=2023-12-13 |title=Tesla unveils its latest humanoid robot, Optimus Gen 2, in demo video |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/12/teslas-latest-humanoid-robot-optimus-gen-2-can-handle-eggs-without-cracking-them/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|Atlas, Electric
|In April 2024, after the retirement of the hydraulic version of Atlas, Boston Dynamics released an all electric version of Atlas with a broader range of motion and higher dexterity than the former model.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weatherbed |first=Jess |date=2024-04-17 |title=Boston Dynamics' new Atlas robot is a swiveling, shape-shifting nightmare |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/4/17/24133145/boston-dynamics-resurrects-atlas-humanoid-robot-electric-new |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Demaitre |first=Eugene |date=2024-04-17 |title=Boston Dynamics debuts electric version of Atlas humanoid robot |url=https://www.therobotreport.com/boston-dynamics-debuts-electric-version-of-atlas-humanoid-robot/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=The Robot Report |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Unitree G1
|In May 2024, Unitree releases new humanoid robot with upgraded mobility, most noted for its affordable price point starting at $16k.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unitree Robotics introduces G1 Humanoid agent AI avatar {{!}} RoboticsTomorrow |url=https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/news/2024/05/15/unitree-robotics-introduces-g1-humanoid-agent-ai-avatar/22587 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=roboticstomorrow.com |language=en-US}}</ref> The design is comparable to Boston Dynamic's upgraded Atlas.
|-
|HumanPlus
|In June 2024, Stanford researchers announced a prototype robot that could mimic human movement to learn how to perform actions such as playing table tennis and the piano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeGeurin |first=Mack |date=2024-06-18 |title=These robots learned tennis and boxing after observing people |url=https://www.popsci.com/technology/robot-boxing/ |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=Popular Science |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|Digit
|In June 2024, [[Agility Robotics]] announced that 5 of its Digit robots had begun handling tasks in the factory of its customer [[GXO Logistics]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McClure |first=Bob |date=2024-06-28 |title=Agility's humanoid robots are now handling Spanx |url=https://newatlas.com/robotics/agilitys-humanoid-robots-are-now-handling-spanx/ |access-date=2024-06-29 |website=New Atlas |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2025 
|EngineAI
|In February 2025, EngineAI demonstrated a humanoid robot that could perform a forward flip.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salas |first=Joe |date=2025-02-24 |title=Watch: World's first front-flippin' humanoid robot |url=https://newatlas.com/ai-humanoids/worlds-first-front-flip-humanoid-robot-engineai/ |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=New Atlas |language=en-US}}</ref>
|}