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Jacobi elliptic functions
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=== Relations between squares of the functions === Relations between squares of the functions can be derived from two basic relationships (Arguments (''u'',''m'') suppressed): <math display="block">\operatorname{cn}^2+\operatorname{sn}^2=1</math> <math display="block">\operatorname{cn}^2+m' \operatorname{sn}^2=\operatorname{dn}^2</math> where ''m + m' ''= 1. Multiplying by any function of the form ''nq'' yields more general equations: <math display="block">\operatorname{cq}^2+\operatorname{sq}^2=\operatorname{nq}^2</math> <math display="block">\operatorname{cq}^2{}+m' \operatorname{sq}^2=\operatorname{dq}^2</math> With ''q'' = ''d'', these correspond trigonometrically to the equations for the unit circle (<math>x^2+y^2=r^2</math>) and the unit ellipse (<math>x^2{}+m' y^2=1</math>), with ''x'' = ''cd'', ''y'' = ''sd'' and ''r'' = ''nd''. Using the multiplication rule, other relationships may be derived. For example: <math display="block"> -\operatorname{dn}^2{}+m'= -m\operatorname{cn}^2 = m\operatorname{sn}^2-m </math> <math display="block"> -m'\operatorname{nd}^2{}+m'= -mm'\operatorname{sd}^2 = m\operatorname{cd}^2-m </math> <math display="block"> m'\operatorname{sc}^2{}+m'= m'\operatorname{nc}^2 = \operatorname{dc}^2-m </math> <math display="block"> \operatorname{cs}^2{}+m'=\operatorname{ds}^2=\operatorname{ns}^2-m </math>
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