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==Categories== {{expand section | with = separation of the combined categories of audience and subject, and through further sourcing and examples as needed, in each subsection | small = no | date = January 2025}} ===Based on periodicity=== Magazines are often categorised by their frequencies of publication (i.e., as weeklies, monthlies, quarterlies, etc.).{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} === Based on target audience and subject === ====Women's fashion==== The first women's magazine targeted toward wives and mothers was published in 1852.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-12-20 |title=Women's magazines down the ages |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/dec/20/women-pressandpublishing |url-access=registration |access-date=2020-11-25 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> In the 1920s, new magazines appealed to young German women with a sensuous image and advertisements for the appropriate clothes and accessories they would want to purchase. The glossy pages of ''[[Die Dame]]'' and ''Das Blatt der Hausfrau'' displayed the "Neue Frauen", "New Girl" β what Americans called the flapper. This ideal young woman was chic, financially independent, and an eager consumer of the latest fashions. Magazines kept her up to date on fashion, arts, sports, and modern technology such as automobiles and telephones.<ref>Nina Sylvester, "Before Cosmopolitan: The Girl in German women's magazines in the 1920s." ''Journalism Studies'' 8#4 (2007): 550β554.</ref> ==== Parenting ==== Other women's magazines have influenced views of [[mother]]hood and child-rearing through the use of advice columns, [[advertisements]], and articles related to [[parenting]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Weaver|first1=Heather|last2=Proctor|first2=Helen|date=May 2018|title=The Question of the Spotted Muumuu: How the Australian Women's Weekly Manufactured a Vision of the Normative School Mother and Child, 1930sβ1980s|journal=[[History of Education Quarterly]]|volume=58|issue=2|pages=229β260|doi=10.1017/heq.2018.4|s2cid=149955078|issn=0018-2680}}</ref> Mass-marketed women's magazines have shaped and transformed cultural values related to parenting practices. As such, magazines targeting women and parenthood have exerted power and influence over ideas about motherhood and child-rearing.<ref name=":0" /> ==== Religion ==== Religious groups have used magazines for spreading and communicating religious doctrine for over 100 years.{{citation needed|date = January 2025}} For instance, ''[[The Watchtower]]'' magazine of the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] was founded by [[Charles Taze Russell]] under the title ''Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence'' in July 1879.<!--THE FOLLOWING DOES NOT BELONG HERE, IN THE SOLE EXAMPLE OF THIS CATEGORY, AS IT SEEMS PROMOTIONAL. BETTER, GIVE ANOTHER EXAMPLE OR TWO FROM THE CATEGORY. The public edition of the magazine is one of the most widely distributed magazines in the world, with an average printing of approximately 36 million per issue as of 2022.--><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Contents page|magazine=The Watchtower|page=2|issue=5|volume=143|year=2022}}</ref>{{better source needed|date = January 2024}} ====Celebrity gossip, human interest==== Magazines publishing stories and photos of high-profile individuals and celebrities have long been a popular format in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-08-26|title=Top 20 Best-Selling Magazines In Supermarkets|url=https://www.supermarketnews.com/archive/top-20-best-selling-magazines-supermarkets|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Supermarket News}}</ref> In 2019, ''[[People Magazine]]'' ranked second behind ESPN Magazine in total reach with a reported reach of 98.51 million.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-09|title= Reach of popular magazines in the United States in June 2019|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/208807/estimated-print-audience-of-popular-magazines/|access-date=2021-01-21|website=Statista}}</ref> ==== Professional ==== [[File:Broadcast_Magazine_November_2024_cover.webp|thumb|An example of professional magazine is ''[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]'', targeted towards readers in radio and television broadcast industry in [[United Kingdom]]]] Professional magazines, also called [[trade magazines]], or [[business-to-business]] magazines are targeted to readers employed in particular industries. These magazines typically cover industry trends and news of interest to professionals in the industry. Subscriptions often come with membership in a [[professional association]]. Professional magazines may derive revenue from advertisement placements or [[advertorials]] by companies selling products and services to a specific professional audience. Examples include ''[[Advertising Age]],'' ''[[Automotive News]], [[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]], [[The Bookseller]],'' and ''[[The Stage]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Q. What is a trade publication or trade magazine? |url=https://libanswers.mtsu.edu/faq/220193 |website=James E. Walker Library |publisher=Middle Tennessee State University |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LIS1001: Resource Types |url=https://libguides.unf.edu/lisresourcetypes/tradepublications |website=Thomas G. Carpenter Library |publisher=University of North Florida |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Journals & Magazines |url=https://library.piedmont.edu/c.php?g=521332&p=3564565 |website=Arrendale Library |publisher=Piedmont University |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobitt |first=Charlotte |date=2024-06-10 |title=Informa closes two B2B news brands covering TV business |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/b2b/informa-closes-book-on-76-years-of-b2b-publishing-axing-two-tv-titles/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Press Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Maher |first=Bron |date=2024-02-14 |title=The Stage and Bookseller shift resources towards digital future |url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/publishers/b2b/the-stage-the-bookseller-cuts-digital/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Press Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Based on tone or approach=== <!--THIS TEXTUL CATEGORY SUBSECTION ADDED BECAUSE THE FORMAL WP CATEGORY OF SATIRICAL MAGAZINES ALREADY OTHERWISE APPEARS.--> Magazines can be categorised by their tone or approach, e.g., as with periodical works of satire or humor.{{citation needed|date=January 2025}}
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