Editing Nationalism (section)

==== Middle East ====
[[Arab nationalism]], a movement toward liberating and empowering the Arab peoples of the Middle East, emerged during the late 19th century, inspired by other independence movements of the 18th and 19th centuries. As the [[Ottoman Empire]] declined and the Middle East was carved up by the Great Powers of Europe, Arabs sought to establish their own independent nations ruled by Arabs, rather than foreigners. [[Syria]] was established in 1920; Transjordan (later [[Jordan]]) gradually gained independence between 1921 and 1946; [[Saudi Arabia]] was established in 1932; and [[Egypt]] achieved gradually gained independence between 1922 and 1952. The [[Arab League]] was established in 1945 to promote Arab interests and cooperation between the new Arab states.

The [[Zionism|Zionist]] movement, emerged among European Jews in the 19th century. In 1882, Jews, from Europe, began to emigrate to [[Ottoman Palestine]] with the goal of establishing a new Jewish homeland. The majority and local population in Palestine, [[Palestinian]] Arabs were demanding independence from the British Mandate.