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Oxidation state
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=== Early forms (octet rule) === A figure with a similar format was used by [[Irving Langmuir]] in 1919 in one of the early papers about the [[octet rule]].<ref>{{cite journal |last= Langmuir |first= Irving |year= 1919 |title= The arrangement of electrons in atoms and molecules |url= https://zenodo.org/record/1429026 |journal= J. Am. Chem. Soc. |volume= 41 |issue= 6 |pages= 868β934 |doi= 10.1021/ja02227a002 |bibcode= 1919JAChS..41..868L |access-date= 2019-07-01 |archive-date= 2019-06-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190621192330/https://zenodo.org/record/1429026 |url-status= live }}</ref> The periodicity of the oxidation states was one of the pieces of evidence that led Langmuir to adopt the rule. :[[File:Langmuir valence.png|700px]]
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