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Santa language
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====Active verb==== ; Type category (mood or modality) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Case ! Particle ! Example ! Meaning |- | rowspan="2" | Imperative | '''-ye''' | matanghala yawu-ye | let's go (dual) |- | '''-gie''' | chini gien ghujingvan gaoda-gie | may your illness heal quickly |- | Declarative | '''-we''' | bi uzhe-we | I watched |} ; Aspect category (manner or state of verb action) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Aspect ! Particle ! Example ! Meaning |- | Perfect | '''-we''' | bi bazade echi-we | I have gone to Linxia |- | Imperfect | '''-ne''' | chi khala echi-ne | where are you going? |- | Continuative | '''-zhiwe (-zho)''' | ana-miyi budan gie-zhiwe | my mum is cooking |} Voice category (relationship between action and its subject) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Voice ! Particle ! Example ! Meaning |- | Active voice | '''-β ''' | | |- | Causative voice | '''-gva''' | bai-gva | to establish |- | Cooperative voice | '''-ndu''' | jie-ndu | to eat |} Numeral: Singular has no suffix, plural suffix is -ndu, the same as Cooperative voice. Numbers: Singular has no additional component, plural's additional component is -ndu, the same as the additional component for Cooperative voice.
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