Editing Sensitivity analysis (section)

==Sensitivity auditing==
{{main|Sensitivity auditing}}
It may happen that a sensitivity analysis of a model-based study is meant to underpin an inference, and to certify its robustness, in a context where the inference feeds into a policy or decision-making process. In these cases the framing of the analysis itself, its institutional context, and the motivations of its author may become a matter of great importance, and a pure sensitivity analysis – with its emphasis on parametric uncertainty – may be seen as insufficient. The emphasis on the framing may derive inter-alia from the relevance of the policy study to different constituencies that are characterized by different norms and values, and hence by a different story about 'what the problem is' and foremost about 'who is telling the story'. Most often the framing includes more or less implicit assumptions, which could be political (e.g. which group needs to be protected) all the way to technical (e.g. which variable can be treated as a constant).

In order to take these concerns into due consideration the instruments of SA have been extended to provide an assessment of the entire knowledge and model generating process. This approach has been called 'sensitivity auditing'. It takes inspiration from NUSAP,<ref name="NUSAP">{{cite journal | last1 = Van der Sluijs | first1 = JP | last2 = Craye | first2 = M | last3 = Funtowicz | first3 = S | last4 = Kloprogge | first4 = P | last5 = Ravetz | first5 = J | last6 = Risbey | first6 = J | year = 2005 | title = Combining quantitative and qualitative measures of uncertainty in model based environmental assessment: the NUSAP system | journal = Risk Analysis | volume = 25 | issue = 2| pages = 481–492 | doi=10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00604.x| pmid = 15876219 | bibcode = 2005RiskA..25..481V | hdl = 1874/386039 | s2cid = 15988654 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> a method used to qualify the worth of quantitative information with the generation of `Pedigrees' of numbers. Sensitivity auditing has been especially designed for an adversarial context, where not only the nature of the evidence, but also the degree of certainty and uncertainty associated to the evidence, will be the subject of partisan interests.<ref name="Nutrition">{{cite journal |last1 = Lo Piano | first1 = S | last2 = Robinson | first2 = M |year=2019 |title=Nutrition and public health economic evaluations under the lenses of post normal science |journal=Futures |volume=112| page = 102436 |doi =10.1016/j.futures.2019.06.008 | s2cid = 198636712 }}</ref> Sensitivity auditing is recommended in the European Commission guidelines for impact assessment,<ref name="EC_GUIDE"/> as well as in the report Science Advice for Policy by European Academies.<ref>Science Advice for Policy by European Academies, Making sense of science for policy under conditions of complexity and uncertainty, Berlin, 2019.</ref>