Editing Spatial memory (section)

===Retrosplenial cortex===
The [[Retrosplenial region|retrosplenial cortex]] is involved in the processing of allocentric memory and [[Geometry|geometric properties]] in the environment.<ref name="Parron, C. 2004"/> Inactivation of this region accounts for impaired navigation in the dark and it may be involved in the process of [[path integration]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cooper | first1 = B. G. | last2 = Manka | first2 = T. F. | last3 = Mizumori | first3 = S. J. Y. | year = 2001 | title = Finding your way in the dark: The retrosplenial cortex contributes to spatial memory and navigation without visual cues | journal = Behavioral Neuroscience | volume = 115 | issue = 5| pages = 1012–1028 | doi = 10.1037/0735-7044.115.5.1012 | pmid = 11584914 }}</ref>

Lesions to the retrosplenial cortex consistently impair tests of allocentric memory, while sparing egocentric memory.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Vann | first1 = S. D. | last2 = Aggleton | first2 = J. P. | year = 2002 | title = Extensive cytotoxic lesions of the rat retrosplenial cortex reveal consistent deficits on tasks that tax allocentric spatial memory | journal = Behavioral Neuroscience | volume = 116 | issue = 1| pages = 85–94 | doi = 10.1037/0735-7044.116.1.85 | pmid = 11895186 }}</ref> Animals with lesions to the caudal retrosplenial cortex show impaired performance on a radial arm maze only when the maze is rotated to remove their reliance on intramaze cues.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Vann | first1 = S. D. | last2 = Wilton | first2 = L. A. | last3 = Muir | first3 = J. L. | last4 = Aggleton | first4 = J. P. | year = 2003 | title = Testing the importance of the caudal retrosplenial cortex for spatial memory in rats | journal = Behavioural Brain Research | volume = 140 | issue = 1–2| pages = 107–118 | doi = 10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00274-7 | pmid = 12644284 }}</ref> [[File:Gray727-Brodman.png|thumb|120px|alt=medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere indicating locations of Brodmann's areas.|Medial view of the cerebral hemisphere. The retrosplenial cortex encompasses Brodmann areas 26, 29, and 30. The perirhinal cortex contains Brodmann area 35 and 36 (not shown)]]

In humans, damage to the retrosplenial cortex results in topographical disorientation. Most cases involve damage to the right retrosplenial cortex and include Brodmann area 30. Patients are often impaired at learning new routes and at navigating through familiar environments.<ref name=the_retrosplenial_contribution>{{cite journal | last1 = Maguire | first1 = E. A. | year = 2001 | title = The retrosplenial contribution to human navigation: A review of lesion and neuroimaging findings | journal = [[Scandinavian Journal of Psychology]] | volume = 42 | issue = 3| pages = 225–238 | doi = 10.1111/1467-9450.00233 | pmid = 11501737 }}</ref> However, most patients usually recover within 8 weeks.

The retrosplenial cortex preferentially processes spatial information in the right hemisphere.<ref name=the_retrosplenial_contribution/>