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Standard deviation
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===Chebyshev's inequality=== {{main|Chebyshev's inequality}} An observation is rarely more than a few standard deviations away from the mean. Chebyshev's inequality ensures that, for all distributions for which the standard deviation is defined, the amount of data within a number of standard deviations of the mean is at least as much as given in the following table. {|class="wikitable" |- ! Distance from mean !! Minimum population |- | <math>\sqrt{2}\,\sigma</math> || 50% |- | <math>2\sigma</math> || 75% |- | <math>3\sigma</math> || 89% |- | <math>4\sigma</math> || 94% |- | <math>5\sigma</math> || 96% |- | <math>6\sigma</math> || 97% |- | <math>k\sigma</math> || <math>1 - \frac{1}{k^2}</math><ref>{{cite book|last=Ghahramani|first=Saeed|year=2000|title=Fundamentals of Probability|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsprob00ghah_271|url-access=limited|edition=2nd|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=New Jersey|page=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsprob00ghah_271/page/n445 438]|isbn=9780130113290 }}</ref> |- | <math>\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \ell}}\, \sigma</math> || <math>\ell</math> |}
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