Editing Thought experiment (section)

==Examples==
===Humanities===
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* [[Doomsday argument]] ([[anthropic principle]])
* [[The Lady, or the Tiger?]] (human nature)<ref>While the problem presented in this short story's scenario is not unique, it is extremely unusual. Most thought experiments are intentionally (or, even, sometimes unintentionally) skewed towards the inevitable production of a particular solution to the problem posed; and this happens because of the way that the problem and the scenario are framed in the first place. In the case of ''The Lady, or the Tiger?'', the way that the story unfolds is so "end-neutral" that, at the finish, there is no "correct" solution to the problem. Therefore, all that one can do is to offer one's own innermost thoughts on how the account of human nature that has been presented might unfold – according to one's own experience of human nature – which is, obviously, the purpose of the entire exercise. The extent to which the story can provoke such an extremely wide range of (otherwise [[equipollent]]) predictions of the participants' subsequent behaviour is one of the reasons the story has been so popular over time.</ref>
* [[The beer question]] ([[Politics of the United States|U.S. politics]])
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===Physics===
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* [[Bell's spaceship paradox]] ([[special relativity]])
* [[Brownian ratchet]] ([[Richard Feynman]]'s "[[perpetual motion]]" machine that does not violate the second law and does no work at thermal equilibrium)
* [[Bucket argument]] – argues that space is absolute, not relational
* [[Dyson sphere]]
* [[Einstein's box]]
* [[Elitzur–Vaidman bomb-tester]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[EPR paradox]] ([[quantum mechanics]]) (forms of this have been performed)
* [[Everett phone]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Feynman sprinkler]] (classical mechanics)
* [[Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment]] (rebuttal of Aristotelian Gravity)
* [[Galileo's ship]] (classical relativity principle) 1632
* [[GHZ experiment]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Heisenberg's microscope]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Kepler's Dream]] (change of point of view as support for the Copernican hypothesis)
* [[Ladder paradox]] ([[special relativity]])
* [[Laplace's demon]]
* [[Maxwell's demon]] ([[thermodynamics]]) 1871
* [[Mermin's device]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Moving magnet and conductor problem]]
* [[Newton's cannonball]] ([[Newton's laws of motion]])
* [[Popper's experiment]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Quantum pseudo telepathy]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Quantum suicide and immortality]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Renninger negative-result experiment]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Schrödinger's cat]] ([[quantum mechanics]])<ref name=catState/>
* [[Sticky bead argument]] ([[general relativity]])
* [[The Monkey and the Hunter]] ([[gravitation]])
* [[Twin paradox]] ([[special relativity]])
* [[Wheeler's delayed choice experiment]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
* [[Wigner's friend]] ([[quantum mechanics]])
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===Philosophy===
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* [[Artificial brain]]
* [[Avicenna]]'s [[Avicenna#Thought experiments|Floating Man]]
* [[Beetle in a box]]
* ''[[Bellum omnium contra omnes]]''
* [[Big Book (thought experiment)|Big Book]] (ethics)
* [[Brain-in-a-vat]] ([[epistemology]], [[philosophy of mind]])
* [[Brainstorm machine]]
* [[Buridan's ass]]
* [[Max Velmans#Changing Places|Changing places]] ([[reflexive monism]], [[philosophy of mind]])
* [[G. K. Chesterton#Chesterton's_fence|Chesterton's fence]]
* [[China brain]] ([[physicalism]], [[philosophy of mind]])
* [[Chinese room]] ([[philosophy of mind]], [[artificial intelligence]], [[cognitive science]])
* [[Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)]]
* [[Étienne Bonnot de Condillac|Condillac]]'s Statue ([[epistemology]])
* [[Experience machine]] (ethics)
* [[Gettier problem]] (epistemology)
* [[Hayy ibn Yaqdhan|Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān]] (epistemology)
* [[Hilary Putnam]]'s [[Twin Earth thought experiment]] in the [[philosophy of language]] and [[philosophy of mind]]
* [[If a tree falls in a forest]]
* [[Inverted spectrum]]
* [[Kavka's toxin puzzle]]
* [[Mary's room]] ([[philosophy of mind]])
* [[Molyneux's Problem]] (admittedly, this oscillated between empirical and a-priori assessment)
* [[Newcomb's paradox]]
* [[Original position]] (politics)
* [[Philosophical zombie]] ([[philosophy of mind]], [[artificial intelligence]], [[cognitive science]])
* [[Plank of Carneades]]
* [[Roko's basilisk]]
* [[Ship of Theseus]], The (concept of [[identity (philosophy)|identity]])
* [[Sydney Shoemaker|Shoemaker's]] "''Time Without Change''" (metaphysics)
* [[Simulated reality]] (philosophy, [[computer science]], [[cognitive science]])
* [[Social contract]] theories
* [[The survival lottery|Survival lottery]]  (ethics)
* [[Swamp man]] ([[personal identity]], [[philosophy of mind]])
* [[Teleportation]] (metaphysics)
* [[Transparent eyeball|The transparent eyeball]]
* [[Violinist (Thought Experiment)|The violinist]] (ethics)
* [[Ticking time bomb scenario]] (ethics)
* [[Trolley problem]] (ethics)
* [[Utility monster]] (ethics)
* [[Zeno's paradoxes]] (classical Greek problems of the infinite)
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===Mathematics===
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* [[Balls and vase problem]] (infinity and cardinality)
* [[Gabriel's Horn]] (infinity)
* [[Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel]] (infinity)
* [[Infinite monkey theorem]] (probability)
* [[Lottery paradox]] (probability)
* [[Sleeping Beauty Problem|Sleeping beauty paradox]] (probability)
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===Biology===
* [[Levinthal paradox]]
* [[Rotating locomotion in living systems]]

===Computer science===
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* [[Braitenberg vehicle]]s (robotics, neural control and sensing systems) (some have been built)
* [[Dining philosophers problem|Dining Philosophers]] ([[computer science]])
* [[Halting problem]] (limits of computability)
* [[Turing machine]] (limits of computability)
* [[Two Generals' Problem]]
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===Economics===
* [[Broken window fallacy]] ([[law of unintended consequences]], [[opportunity cost]])
* [[Laffer Curve]]