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=== Foreign relations === {{See also|Foreign relations of the Holy See|List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See}} [[File:Vatican City - main entrance with Swiss Guard.jpg|thumb|The ''Ingresso di Sant'Anna'', an entrance to Vatican City from Italy]] Vatican City State is a recognized national territory under [[international law]]. The Holy See conducts diplomatic relations on its behalf, in addition to the Holy See's own diplomacy, entering into international agreements in its regard. Vatican City thus has no diplomatic service of its own. Because of space limitations, Vatican City is one of the few countries in the world that are unable to host embassies. Foreign embassies to the Holy See are located in Rome. Only during the Second World War were the staff of some embassies accredited to the Holy See given what hospitality was possible within the narrow confines of Vatican City {{Ndash}} embassies such as that of the United Kingdom while Rome was held by the [[Axis Powers]] and Germany's when the Allies controlled Rome. The size of Vatican City is unrelated to the large global reach exercised by the Holy See as an entity quite distinct from the state.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Holy See and Diplomacy |url=https://ukinholysee.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/news/2007/4485113/gregorian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521105212/https://ukinholysee.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/news/2007/4485113/gregorian |archive-date=21 May 2009 |publisher=[[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]]}}</ref> Vatican City State itself participates in some international organizations whose functions relate to the state as a geographical entity, distinct from the non-territorial legal persona of the Holy See. These organizations are much less numerous than those in which the Holy See participates either as a member or with observer status. They include the following eight, in each of which Vatican City State holds membership:<ref name="Participation">{{Citation |title=Vatican City State: Participation in International Organizations |url=https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Internationalrelations/Participation_with_international_Organizations.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710054455/https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/Internationalrelations/Participation_with_international_Organizations.htm |archive-date=10 July 2010 |publisher=Vatican City State}}</ref><ref>See also appendix at end of [https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html "Bilateral Relations of the Holy See"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709142833/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/secretariat_state/documents/rc_seg-st_20010123_holy-see-relations_en.html |date=9 July 2014 }}. vatican.va</ref> * [[European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations]] (CEPT) * [[Eutelsat|European Telecommunications Satellite Organization]] (Eutelsat IGO) * [[International Grains Council]] (IGC) * [[International Institute of Administrative Sciences]] (IIAS) * [[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU) * [[International Telecommunications Satellite Organization]] (ITSO) * [[Interpol]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership Vatican City State |url=https://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/Europe/Vatican-City-State |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010164743/https://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/Europe/Vatican-City-State |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=5 June 2012 |publisher=[[Interpol]]}}</ref> * [[Universal Postal Union]] (UPU) It also participates in:<ref name="Participation" /> * [[World Medical Association]] * [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO) ==== Non-party, non-signatory policy ==== [[File:United Nations members de facto borders.svg|thumb|A map of the [[United Nations]] member states]] The Vatican City is not a member of the [[United Nations]] (UN), but the Holy See was granted [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer status]] to the [[United Nations General Assembly]] in 1968; the only other country in a similar position is the partially recognized [[State of Palestine]]. Since it is not a member of the UN, the Vatican City is not subjected to the jurisdiction of the [[International Court of Justice]] (ICJ). It engages with UN specialized agencies through its observer status, including the [[Central Emergency Response Fund]], to which it contributed US$20,000 between 2006 and 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contributions by donor |url=https://cerf.un.org/our-donors/contributions-by-donor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807043845/https://cerf.un.org/our-donors/contributions-by-donor |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=23 August 2022 |website=[[Central Emergency Response Fund]]}}</ref> The Vatican City State is not a member of the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC). In Europe, only [[Belarus]] is also a non-party, non-signatory state. [[Ukraine]] and [[Monaco]] are signatory states that have not ratified and [[Russia]] withdrew from it in 2016. The Vatican City State is not a member of the [[Council of Europe]] nor a party to the [[European Convention on Human Rights]], thus is not subject to the [[European Court of Human Rights]]. Among European states, Belarus is also not a member, while Russia has ceased to be part of it after being expelled from the Council of Europe following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. The [[OECD]]'s "[[Common Reporting Standard]]" (CRS), aiming at preventing [[tax evasion]] and [[money laundering]], has also not been signed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AEOI: Status of Commitments |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/AEOI-commitments.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629140220/https://www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/AEOI-commitments.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jurisdictions participating in the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters |url=https://www.oecd.org/ctp/exchange-of-tax-information/Status_of_convention.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629140217/https://www.oecd.org/ctp/exchange-of-tax-information/Status_of_convention.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019 |website=OECD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Signatories of the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information and Intended First Information Exchange Date |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/MCAA-Signatories.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629140216/https://www.oecd.org/tax/exchange-of-tax-information/MCAA-Signatories.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref> The Vatican City State has been criticized for money-laundering practices in the past decades.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pullella |first=Philip |date=8 December 2017 |title=Vatican should bring money-laundering cases to trial, watchdog agency says |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-financial-evaluation-idUSKBN1E20X8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602095231/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vatican-financial-evaluation-idUSKBN1E20X8 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Perryer |first=Sophie |date=20 November 2018 |title=Top 5 financial transgressions committed by the Vatican |url=https://www.europeanceo.com/finance/top-5-financial-transgressions-committed-by-the-vatican/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327132811/https://www.europeanceo.com/finance/top-5-financial-transgressions-committed-by-the-vatican/ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019 |website=European CEO |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Willey |first=David |date=18 July 2013 |title=The Vatican Bank is rocked by scandal again |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-23289297 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629142358/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-23289297 |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=29 June 2019 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> The only other country in Europe that has not agreed to sign the CRS is Belarus. The Vatican City State is one of few countries in the world that do not provide any publicly available financial data to the [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IMF Data Portal |url=https://data.imf.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref>{{verification failed|reason=Ref is the home page of this website, it does not contain the information required to support the text|date=May 2025}}
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