Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Beja language
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
=====Future===== The strong future stem is described differently by Wedekind, Wedekind, and Musa and by Vanhove. Both agree that it is a fixed stem followed by a present/imperfective conjugated form of the verb {{lang|bej-Latn|diya}} "to say." Wedekind, Wedekind, and Musa's strong stem is similar to the past continuous/aorist stem (next section), and identical for all numbers, genders, and persons, except the first person plural, which has a prefixed {{lang|bej-Latn|n-}}. For Vanhove, there are distinct singular and plural stems which are identical to the past continuous/aorist first person singular and plural, respectively.{{sfnm|1a1=Wedekind|1a2=Wedekind|1a3=Musa|1y=2007|1p=101|2a1=Vanhove|2y=2014|2loc=Β§3.2.6.2}} Similarly, for weak verbs, Wedekind, Wedekind, and Musa have a future stem ending in {{lang|bej-Latn|-i}} with a first person plural {{lang|bej-Latn|-ni}}, followed by a present tense/imperfective conjugation of {{lang|bej-Latn|diya}}. Vanhove sees the {{lang|bej-Latn|-i}} as a singular future, and the {{lang|bej-Latn|-ni}} as a general plural. For negative verbs, the negative present/imperfective of {{lang|bej-Latn|diya}} is used as the conjugated auxiliary. {{columns-start}} {| class="wikitable" |+ Weak Verb: {{lang|bej-Latn|giigaa}} "go away" |- ! || Positive || Negative |- ! {{gcl|1SG}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i andi}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i kaadi}} |- ! {{gcl|2SG}}.{{gcl|M}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i tindiya}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i kiddiya}} |- ! {{gcl|2SG}}.{{gcl|F}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i tindii}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i kiddiyi}} |- ! {{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|M}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i indi}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i kiidi}} |- ! {{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|F}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i tindi}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i kiddi}} |- ! {{gcl|1PL}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-ni neeyad}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-ni kindi}} |- ! {{gcl|2PL}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i teeyadna}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-ni teeyadna}}) || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i kiddiina}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-ni kiddiina}}) |- ! {{gcl|3PL}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i eeyadna}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-ni eeyadna}}) || {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-i kiidiin}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|giig-ni kiidiin}}) |} {{column}} {| class="wikitable" |+ Strong Verb: {{lang|bej-Latn|fidiga}} "open" |- ! || Positive || Negative |- ! {{gcl|1SG}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig andi}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig kaadi}} |- ! {{gcl|2SG}}.{{gcl|M}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig tindiya}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig kiddiya}} |- ! {{gcl|2SG}}.{{gcl|F}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig tindii}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig kiddiyi}} |- ! {{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|M}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig indi}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig kiidi}} |- ! {{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|F}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig tindi}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig kiddi}} |- ! {{gcl|1PL}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|niifdig neeyad}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|niifdig kindi}} |- ! {{gcl|2PL}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig teeyadna}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|niifdig teeyadna}}) || {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig kiddiina}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|niifdig kiddiina}}) |- ! {{gcl|3PL}} | {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig eeyadna}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|niifdig eeyadna}}) || {{lang|bej-Latn|iifdig kiidiin}} (Vanhove: {{lang|bej-Latn|niifdig kiidiin}}) |} {{columns-end}} (NB: Wedekind, Wedekind, and Musa see verbs of the form CiCiC as having identical past continuous [aorist] and future stems. Some verbs of other forms have different stems, which would lead to a greater divergence between the forms described by them and those described by Vanhove.) E.M. Roper, describing the same dialect as Vanhove, identifies the stem employed as being identical to the past continuous/aorist (for him, "conditional"βsee above), just as Vanhove does. However, he understands the form with {{lang|bej-Latn|n-}} as being used only with the first person plural, as Wedekind, Wedekind, and Musa do.{{sfn|Roper|1928|loc=Β§183}} ======Intentional/desiderative====== In addition to the future, Bidhaawyeet has a similar form expressing desire to undertake an act or intention to do so. The citation root takes a suffix {{lang|bej-Latn|-a}} for all persons, genders, and numbers, and is followed by a present tense/imperfective conjugated form of the verb {{lang|bej-Latn|diya}} "to say", as the future is.{{sfnm|1a1=Wedekind|1a2=Wedekind|1a3=Musa|1y=2007|1pp=154β155|2a1=Vanhove|2y=2014|2loc=Β§3.2.6.3}}
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)