Editing Bengali language movement (section)

==Cultural impact and celebration==
===Bangladesh===
[[File:International Mother Language Day Celebration.PNG|thumb|right|[[Shaheed Minar, Dhaka|Shaheed Minar]], or the Martyr's monument, located near [[Dhaka Medical College]] commemorates those who died during the protests on 21 February 1952]]
The Language Movement had a major cultural impact on Bengali society. It has inspired the development and celebration of the Bengali language, literature and culture. 21 February, celebrated as [[Language Movement Day]] or ''Shohid Dibosh'' (Martyrs' Day), is a major national holiday in Bangladesh. A month-long event called the [[Ekushey Book Fair]] is held every year to commemorate the movement. ''[[Ekushey Padak]]'', one of the highest civilian awards in Bangladesh, is awarded annually in memory of the sacrifices of the movement.<ref>{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Sanjida |year=2012 |chapter=National Awards |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=National_Awards |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> Songs such as [[Abdul Gaffar Choudhury]]'s ''[[Ekusher Gaan]]'', set to music by Shaheed [[Altaf Mahmud]], as well as plays, works of art and poetry played a considerable role in rousing the people's emotions during the movement.<ref name="cultureimp">{{cite book |last=Aminzade |first=Ronald |author2=Douglas McAdam |author3=Charles Tilly |date=17 September 2001 |chapter=Emotions and Contentious Politics |title=Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h8PNEOZRRt8C&q=bangladesh+language+movement |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |page=42 |isbn=0-521-00155-2 |access-date=24 June 2007}}</ref> Since the events of February 1952, poems, songs, novels, plays, films, cartoons, and paintings were created to capture the movement from the varied point of views. Notable artistic depictions include the poems ''Bornomala, Amar Dukhini Bornomala'' and ''February 1969'' by [[Shamsur Rahman (poet)|Shamsur Rahman]], the film ''[[Jibon Theke Neya]]'' by [[Zahir Raihan]], the stage play ''Kobor'' by [[Munier Chowdhury]] and the novels ''Ekushey February'' by Raihan and ''Artonaad'' by [[Shawkat Osman]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Islam |first=Rafiqul |title=Amar Ekushey O Shaheed Minar |year=2000 |publisher=Poroma |location=Dhaka |language=bn |isbn=984-8245-39-1 |pages=62–85}}</ref>

[[File:First Stamp to commemorate Bengali Language Movement after independence of Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|Postage stamp to commemorate the Language movement day published on 21 February 1972]]

Two years after the first monument was destroyed by the police, a new ''[[Shaheed Minar, Dhaka|Shaheed Minar]]'' (Monument of Martyrs) was constructed in 1954 to commemorate the protesters who died. Work on a larger monument designed by the architect [[Hamidur Rahman (artist)|Hamidur Rahman]] began in 1957 with the support of the United Front ministry, and was approved by a planning committee chaired by [[University of Dhaka]] Vice-Chancellor [[Mahmud Husain]] and College of Fine Arts principal [[Zainul Abedin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hussain |first1=Syed Sajjad |title=The Wastes of Time |date=1996 |publisher=Institute of Islamic Culture |oclc=41452432}}</ref> Hamidur Rahman's model consisted of a large complex in the yard of the Dhaka Medical College Hostel. The design included a half-circular column symbolising a mother with her martyred sons standing at the dais in the centre of the monument. Although the imposition of martial law in 1958 interrupted the work, the monument was completed and inaugurated on 21 February 1963 by [[Abul Barkat]]'s mother, Hasina Begum. Pakistani forces demolished the monument during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, but the Bangladeshi government reconstructed it in 1973.<ref>{{cite book |last=Imam |first=Jahanara |author-link=Jahanara Imam |title=Ekattorer Dingulee |year=1986 |publisher=Shondhani Prokashani |location=Dhaka |language=bn |isbn=984-480-000-5 |page=44}}</ref> [[Ekushey Television]], one of the oldest privately owned television channels in Bangladesh, was named after the date of the event.<ref name="moreover">{{cite news|last=Chowdhury|first=Afsan|date=1999|title=Move over BTV|url=https://www.himalmag.com/more-over-btv/|newspaper=Himal Magazine|access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref>

===India===
Apart from Bangladesh, there was also a movement in the Indian state of [[Assam]] to give equal status to the Bengali language. On May 19, 1961, at [[Silchar railway station]], 11 Bengalis were martyred by police firing while demanding the recognition of Bengali as a state language. Later, Bengali was granted the status of a semi-official language in three districts of Assam where the Bengali-speaking population is predominant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Gautam |date=2008-03-20 |title=The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) {{!}} Jharkhand {{!}} Court route for language status |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080520/jsp/jharkhand/story_9294570.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118171741/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080520/jsp/jharkhand/story_9294570.jsp |archive-date=2012-01-18 |access-date=2012-01-18 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> The states of [[West Bengal]] and [[Tripura]] in India celebrate 21 February as Language Movement Day.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-21|title=Tripura, Bangladesh celebrate international mother language day |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/tripura-bangladesh-celebrate-international-mother-language-day/articleshow/11981174.cms |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-21 |title=This day, that year: When they gave away their lives for mother tongue |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/blogs/this-day-that-year-when-they-gave-away-their-lives-for-mother-tongue/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

===Worldwide: International Mother Language Day===
Bangladesh officially sent a proposal to UNESCO to declare 21 February as [[International Mother Language Day]]. The proposal was supported unanimously at the 30th General Conference of UNESCO held on 17 November 1999.<ref name="UN1">{{cite web|url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/21february/imld_back.htm|title=International Mother Language Day – Background and Adoption of the Resolution|work=Government of Bangladesh|access-date = 21 June 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070520205804/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/21february/imld_back.htm| archive-date=20 May 2007}}</ref>