Editing Classical Japanese (section)

==== {{nihongo|Adjectival verbs|形容動詞|keiyō dōshi}} ====

There are the following classes for adjectival verbs:
{| class="wikitable"
!Class of
inflection
![[Word stem|stem]]{{Lang|ja|語幹}}
![[wiktionary:未然形|Irrealis]]{{Lang|ja|未然形}}
![[wiktionary:連用形|Adverbial]]{{Lang|ja|連用形}}
![[wiktionary:終止形|Conclusive]]{{Lang|ja|終止形}}
![[wiktionary:連体形|Attributive]]{{Lang|ja|連体形}}
![[wiktionary:已然形|Realis]]{{Lang|ja|已然形}}
![[wiktionary:命令形|Imperative]]{{Lang|ja|命令形}}
!Translation
|-
! rowspan="2" |Nari
{{Lang|ja|ナリ活用}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|{{Ruby|静|しづ}}か}}}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|しづか}}{{color|blue|なら}}}}(-nara)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|しづか}}{{color|blue|なり}}}}(-nari)
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|しづか}}{{color|blue|なり}}}}(-nari)
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|しづか}}{{color|blue|なる}}}}(-naru)
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|しづか}}{{color|blue|なれ}}}}(-nare)
| rowspan="2" |'be static'
|-
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|しづか}}{{color|blue|に}}}}(-ni)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tari
{{Lang|ja|タリ活用}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|{{Ruby|悄|せう}}{{Ruby|然|ぜん}}}}}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|悄然}}{{color|blue|たら}}}}(-tara)
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|悄然}}{{color|blue|たり}}}}(-tari)
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|悄然}}{{color|blue|たり}}}}(-tari)
| rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|悄然}}{{color|blue|たる}}}}(-taru)
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|悄然}}{{color|blue|たれ}}}}(-tare)
| rowspan="2" |<nowiki>''</nowiki>be quiet, soft"
|-
|{{Lang|ja|{{color|red|悄然}}{{color|blue|と}}}}(-to)
|}

===== Table notes =====

Adjectival verbs are essentially nouns(or stems of the adjectives) combined with an auxiliary verb, either {{nihongo2|～なり}} (-''nar-i'') or {{nihongo2|～たり}} (-''tar-i'').

Most tari-adjectival nouns are derived from [[Sino-Japanese vocabulary]]. For example,「{{Lang|ja|{{Ruby|悄|せう}}{{Ruby|然|ぜん}}たり}}」 is derived from 「{{lang|zh|悄然}}」, a [[Middle Chinese|Chinese]] word meaning “quietly, softly”.

The auxiliary verbs are derived from directional particles {{nihongo2|に}} (''ni'') + {{nihongo2|～有り}} (-''ar-i'') and {{nihongo2|と}} (''to'') + {{nihongo2|～有り}} (-''ar-i''), respectively, yielding {{nihongo2|にあり}} (''niar-i'') and {{nihongo2|とあり}} (''toar-i''), respectively, which then lead to {{nihongo2|なり}} (''nar-i'') and {{nihongo2|たり}} (''tar-i''), respectively, by regular sound change rules. They therefore follow the R-irregular conjugation like {{nihongo2|有り}} (''ar-i'').

As with adjectives, the imperative form is rare, but is used.