Editing Cluj-Napoca (section)

==Economy==
[[File:Cluj-Eroilor01.jpg|left|thumb|[[Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca|Eroilor Avenue]], the largest and most expensive commercial street{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}]]
[[File:Ursus brewery.jpg|thumb|The [[Ursus (beer)|Ursus Brewery]], where a popular Romanian beer is produced]]
[[File:Diese Cafe Cluj-Napoca.jpg|thumb|Promenade area in [[Unirii Square, Cluj-Napoca|Unirii Square]], where [[Scalping (trading)|scalpers]] once plied their trade]]
[[File:Cluj-Napoca King Ferdinand Bvd.jpg|thumb|[[Regele Ferdinand Avenue, Cluj-Napoca|Regele Ferdinand Avenue]], another large commercial street]]

Cluj-Napoca is an important economic centre in Romania. Local brands that have become well known at a national, and to some extent even international level, include: [[Banca Transilvania]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2007 |title=Banca Transilvania se extinde în afara României |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=2193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113163552/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=2193 |archive-date=13 January 2013 |access-date=2008-03-18 |language=ro}}</ref> [[Terapia Ranbaxy]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 February 2013 |title=Cel mai mare producător de generice, Terapia Ranbaxy, investeşte în cercetare |url=http://adevarul.ro/sanatate/politici-bani/cel-mai-mare-producator-generice-terapia-ranbaxy--investeste-cercetare-1_5124d44200f5182b858210a3/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104072358/http://adevarul.ro/sanatate/politici-bani/cel-mai-mare-producator-generice-terapia-ranbaxy--investeste-cercetare-1_5124d44200f5182b858210a3/index.html |archive-date=4 January 2015 |access-date=2014-12-12 |work=Adevărul |language=ro}}</ref> [[Farmec]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2008 |title=Farmec clujean |url=http://www.ftr.ro/index.php?cmd=d&id=2537 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080322232243/http://www.ftr.ro/index.php?cmd=d&id=2537 |archive-date=22 March 2008 |access-date=2008-03-18 |publisher=Foaia Transilvană |language=ro}}</ref> [[Jolidon]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2008 |title=Jolidon: International business outperforms local one |url=http://www.zf.ro/articol_160829/jolidon__international_business_outperforms_local_one.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418082049/http://www.zf.ro/articol_160829/jolidon__international_business_outperforms_local_one.html |archive-date=18 April 2008 |access-date=2008-03-18 |publisher=Ziarul Financiar}}</ref> and [[Ursus (beer)|Ursus]] [[Brewery|breweries]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2007 |title=Dieter Schulze, Ursus: Seceta scumpeste berea si majoreaza importurile de materie prima |url=http://www.zf.ro/articol_133108/dieter_schulze__ursus__seceta_scumpeste_berea_si_majoreaza_importurile_de_materie_prima.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221010109/http://www.zf.ro/articol_133108/dieter_schulze__ursus__seceta_scumpeste_berea_si_majoreaza_importurile_de_materie_prima.html |archive-date=21 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-18 |publisher=Ziarul Financiar}}</ref>

The American online magazine ''[[InformationWeek]]'' reports that much of the software/[[Information technology|IT]] activity in Romania is taking place in Cluj-Napoca, which is quickly becoming Romania's [[Science park|technopolis]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=4 February 2008 |title=Romania Proving Popular As Software Outsourcing Destination |url=http://www.informationweek.com/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=WRL0GCTCWCB2AQSNDLPCKHSCJUNN2JVN?articleID=206103523&queryText=cluj |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305134713/http://www.informationweek.com/showArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=WRL0GCTCWCB2AQSNDLPCKHSCJUNN2JVN?articleID=206103523&queryText=cluj |archive-date=5 March 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |magazine=InformationWeek}}</ref> [[Nokia]] invested 200&nbsp;million euros in a mobile telephone factory near Cluj-Napoca;<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2007 |title=Nokia to set up a new mobile device factory in Romania |url=http://www.nokia.com/A4136001?newsid=1114420 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121003732/http://www.nokia.com/A4136001?newsid=1114420 |archive-date=21 January 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> this began production in February 2008 and closed in December 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2011 |title=Nokia va inchide fabrica de la Jucu |url=http://www.zf.ro/eveniment/nokia-va-inchide-fabrica-de-la-jucu-peste-2-200-de-oameni-isi-vor-pierde-locurile-de-munca-exclusiv-compania-si-a-luat-adio-de-la-angajatii-romani-cu-o-scrisoare-in-limba-engleza-8815421 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213023709/http://www.zf.ro/eveniment/nokia-va-inchide-fabrica-de-la-jucu-peste-2-200-de-oameni-isi-vor-pierde-locurile-de-munca-exclusiv-compania-si-a-luat-adio-de-la-angajatii-romani-cu-o-scrisoare-in-limba-engleza-8815421 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=2014-12-12 |publisher=Ziarul Financiar |language=ro}}</ref> It also opened a research centre in the city<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2007 |title=Birouri Nokia, inaugurate la Cluj |url=http://www2.hotnews.ro/pp_articol_20415-Birouri-Nokia-inaugurate-la-Cluj.htm |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Hotnews.ro |language=ro}}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> that was shut down in April 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 April 2011 |title=Nokia pleacă din Cluj-Napoca |url=http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/ULTIMA_ORA_Nokia_pleaca_din_Cluj-Napoca_0_470353214.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916155857/http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/cluj-napoca/ULTIMA_ORA_Nokia_pleaca_din_Cluj-Napoca_0_470353214.html |archive-date=16 September 2011 |access-date=2011-09-29 |work=Adevărul |language=ro}}</ref> The former Nokia factory was purchased by Italian appliance manufacturer [[De'Longhi]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2012 |title=Italienii de la De' Longhi cumpără fabrica Nokia din România |url=http://www.evz.ro/de-longhi-cumpara-fabrica-nokia-din-romania-963205.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219051221/http://www.evz.ro/de-longhi-cumpara-fabrica-nokia-din-romania-963205.html |archive-date=19 December 2014 |access-date=2014-12-12 |work=Evenimentul Zilei |language=ro}}</ref> The city houses regional or national headquarters of [[MOL Group|MOL]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contacts |url=http://www.molromania.ro/ro/contact/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909045600/http://www.molromania.ro/ro/contact/ |archive-date=9 September 2012 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=MOL Romania |language=ro}}</ref> [[Aegon N.V.|Aegon]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contacts |url=http://www.aegon.ro/ro/contact |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824084341/http://www.aegon.ro/ro/contact |archive-date=24 August 2009 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Aegon |language=ro}}</ref> [[Emerson Electric|Emerson]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emerson |url=http://www.emerson.ro/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726010705/http://www.emerson.ro/ |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=2013-09-24 |publisher=Emerson Romania |language=ro}}</ref> [[De'Longhi]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact |url=http://www.delonghi.com/ro_ro/contact-form/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215043155/http://www.delonghi.com/ro_ro/contact-form/ |archive-date=15 February 2013 |access-date=2013-09-24 |publisher=DeLonghi Romania |language=ro}}</ref> [[Bechtel]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2007 |title=Giganții americani își deschid sedii la Cluj |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=2366 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325135034/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=2366 |archive-date=25 March 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> [[FrieslandCampina]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2008 |title=Campina și Friesland se mută la Cluj |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=22636 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919080221/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=22636 |archive-date=19 September 2012 |access-date=2008-03-18 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj}}</ref> [[Office Depot]], [[Genpact]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2008 |title=Genpact și Office Depot ocupã Iulius Business Center |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=8559 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212051039/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=8559 |archive-date=12 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> and [[New Yorker (clothing)|New Yorker]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2008 |title=New Yorker își stabilește la Cluj sediul din România |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=11827 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506081852/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=11827 |archive-date=6 May 2008 |access-date=2008-04-22 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] has also built a factory near Cluj-Napoca, in the same industrial park as De'Longhi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2014 |title=Bosch deschide pe 9 mai noua fabrică din Cluj |url=http://www.zf.ro/auto/bosch-deschide-pe-9-mai-noua-fabrica-din-cluj-12151155 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213023706/http://www.zf.ro/auto/bosch-deschide-pe-9-mai-noua-fabrica-din-cluj-12151155 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |access-date=2014-12-12 |language=ro |newspaper=[[Ziarul Financiar]]}}</ref>

Cluj-Napoca is also an important regional commercial centre, with many street [[esplanade|malls]] and [[hypermarket]]s. [[Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca|Eroilor Avenue]] and Napoca and Memorandumului streets are the most expensive venues, with a yearly rent price of 720 euro/m<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2007 |title=România – pe locul 30 in lume la cele mai scumpe artere comerciale |url=http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-imobiliar-2002035-romania-locul-30-lume-cele-mai-scumpe-artere-comerciale.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610174632/http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-imobiliar-2002035-romania-locul-30-lume-cele-mai-scumpe-artere-comerciale.htm |archive-date=10 June 2020 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Hotnews.ro |language=ro}}</ref> but [[Regele Ferdinand Avenue, Cluj-Napoca|Regele Ferdinand]] and 21 Decembrie 1989 avenues also feature high rental costs. There are two large malls: [[Polus Center Cluj|VIVO!]] (including a [[Carrefour]] hypermarket) and [[Iulius Mall Cluj|Iulius Mall]] (including an [[Auchan]] hypermarket). Other large stores include branches of various international hypermarket chains, like [[Cora (hypermarket)|Cora]], [[Metro AG|Metro]], [[Selgros]] and do-it-yourself stores such as [[Baumax]] and [[Praktiker]].

Among the retailers found in the city's shopping centres are H&M, Zara, Guess, Camaïeu, Bigotti, Orsay, Jolidon, Kenvelo, Triumph, Tommy Hilfiger, Sephora, Yves Rocher, Swarovski, Ecco, Bata, Adidas, Converse, and Nike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2013 |title=Vara reducerilor la Iulius Mall Cluj |url=http://www.stiridecluj.ro/economic/vara-reducerilor-la-iulius-mall-cluj-vezi-ce-promotii-sunt-in-aceasta-vara-p |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813035617/http://www.stiridecluj.ro/economic/vara-reducerilor-la-iulius-mall-cluj-vezi-ce-promotii-sunt-in-aceasta-vara-p |archive-date=13 August 2013 |access-date=2014-08-21 |publisher=Știri de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref>

In 2021, the city's general budget was 2.117 billion [[Romanian leu|lei]], the equivalent of over 433 million [[Euro]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2021 |title=Bugetul municipiului Cluj-Napoca pe anul 2021 a fost aprobat |url=https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/informatii-publice/comunicate/bugetul-municipiului-cluj-napoca-pe-anul-2021-a-fost-aprobat/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518054219/https://primariaclujnapoca.ro/informatii-publice/comunicate/bugetul-municipiului-cluj-napoca-pe-anul-2021-a-fost-aprobat/ |archive-date=18 May 2021 |access-date=2021-07-30 |publisher=Cluj-Napoca City Hall |language=ro}}</ref> This marks a 114% increase over the 2008 level of 990 million lei<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iancu |first=Ciprian |date=31 January 2008 |title=Cluj-Napoca are un buget record |url=http://www.clujeanul.ro/cluj/cluj-napoca-are-buget-record-2358373 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201101218/http://www.clujeanul.ro/cluj/cluj-napoca-are-buget-record-2358373 |archive-date=1 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-18 |publisher=Clujeanul |language=ro}}</ref> or 266 million [[Euro]]s.

===Tourism===
In 2007, the hotel industry in the county of Cluj offered total accommodations of 6,472 beds, of which 3,677 were in hotels, 1,294 in guesthouses and the rest in chalets, campgrounds, or hostels.<ref name="Ziua de Cluj-2008">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2008 |title=Turiștii au dublat populația Clujului |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=8905 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218082206/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=8905 |archive-date=18 February 2008 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> A total of 700,000 visitors, 140,000 of whom were foreigners, stayed overnight.<ref name="Ziua de Cluj-2008"/> However, a considerable share of visits is made by those who visit Cluj-Napoca for a single day, and their exact number is not known. The largest numbers of foreign visitors come from Hungary, Italy, Germany, the United States, France, and Austria.<ref name="Ziua de Cluj-2008"/> Moreover, the city's 140 or so travel agencies help organise domestic and foreign trips; car rentals are also available.<ref name="Cluj-Napoca City Hall-2006">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Strategia de dezvoltare a turismului în municipiul Cluj-Napoca |url=http://www.primariaclujnapoca.ro/proiecte-dezbateri/04-05-06/Material%20modificat%20in%20urma%20dezbaterii%20publice%20(3).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015011156/http://www.primariaclujnapoca.ro/proiecte-dezbateri/04-05-06/Material%20modificat%20in%20urma%20dezbaterii%20publice%20%283%29.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2006 |access-date=2008-08-02 |publisher=Cluj-Napoca City Hall |language=ro}}</ref>