Editing Denial-of-service attack (section)

===Peer-to-peer attacks===
{{See also|Direct Connect (protocol)#Direct Connect used for DDoS attacks}}
Attackers have found a way to exploit a number of bugs in [[peer-to-peer]] servers to initiate DDoS attacks. The most aggressive of these peer-to-peer-DDoS attacks exploits [[DC++]].{{cn|date=December 2024}}{{ambiguous|date=December 2024}} With peer-to-peer there is no botnet and the attacker does not have to communicate with the clients it subverts. Instead, the attacker acts as a ''puppet master'', instructing clients of large [[file sharing|peer-to-peer file sharing]] hubs to disconnect from their peer-to-peer network and to connect to the victim's website instead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prolexic.com/news/20070514-alert.php|title=Prolexic Distributed Denial of Service Attack Alert |access-date=2007-08-22|author=Paul Sop|date=May 2007|work=Prolexic Technologies Inc.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070803175513/http://www.prolexic.com/news/20070514-alert.php  |archive-date = 2007-08-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.securityfocus.com/news/11466|title=Peer-to-peer networks co-opted for DOS attacks|access-date=2007-08-22|author=Robert Lemos|date=May 2007|publisher=SecurityFocus|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114938/http://www.securityfocus.com/news/11466|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dcpp.wordpress.com/2007/05/22/denying-distributed-attacks/|title=Denying distributed attacks|access-date=2007-08-22|author=Fredrik Ullner|date=May 2007|publisher=DC++: Just These Guys, Ya Know? }}</ref>