Editing Diesel multiple unit (section)

====United States====
[[File:Budd RDC.png|thumb|[[Budd Rail Diesel Car]] RDC-1 #407 of the [[Cape May Seashore Lines]], New Jersey]]

A type of diesel multiple units in the U.S. was the [[Budd Rail Diesel Car]] (RDC). The RDC was a single passenger car with two diesel engines and two sets of controls.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Franz |first1=Justin |last2=Vondrak |first2=Otto M. |title=RDC Update |journal=Railfan & Railroad |issue=September 2020}}</ref>

In the United States, DMU systems must be FRA-compliant to be permitted on freight rail corridors. The [[Federal Railway Administration]] has mandated higher [[Coupler (railway)|coupling strength]] requirements than European regulators, effectively prohibiting the use of lighter weight European-style [[inter-city rail]] DMUs on U.S. main line railways without timesharing with freight operations or special waivers from the FRA. This has greatly restricted the development of DMUs within the U.S. as no other country requires the much heavier FRA compliant vehicles, and no export market for them exists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sccrtc.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Section3.pdf|title=Diesel Multiple Unit Assessment |date=September 2010|website=sccrtc.org|access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref>
[[File:WES Commuter Rail train.jpg|thumb|FRA compliant [[Colorado Railcar DMU]] of [[WES Commuter Rail]].]]
Operations using FRA-compliant vehicles:
* Since February 2009, [[TriMet]] is using FRA-compliant [[Colorado Railcar DMU]]s for its rush-hour [[WES Commuter Rail]] service, a suburb-to-suburb line between [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]] and [[Wilsonville, Oregon]]. The opening of the line was delayed from fall 2008 to early 2009 due to delays in getting the vehicles. TriMet also has four refurbished former [[Alaska Railroad|Alaska RR]] and [[Trinity Railway Express]] RDCs as backup trainsets for when one or more Colorado Railcar DMUs is out of service.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}
* [[Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit]], also referred to as SMART, operates [[Nippon Sharyo DMU]]s (the same as those in Toronto) on its route between Larkspur and Santa Rosa, California. Service commenced in 2017.

Operations using non FRA-compliant vehicles:
* [[Capital Metro]] uses [[Stadler GTW]] cars to operate [[Capital MetroRail]], a commuter rail line serving the [[Greater Austin]], [[Texas]] area.
* In [[Denton County]], [[Texas]], [[DCTA]] also uses [[Stadler GTW]] cars to operate its [[A-train (Denton County)|A-train]] service. DCTA has secured from the FRA the first-ever alternative vehicle technology waiver to use these cars on active freight corridors.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Bj|title=DCTA gets go-ahead to use Stadler cars|url=http://www.dentonrc.com/local-news/local-news-headlines/20120605-dcta-gets-go-ahead-to-use-stadler-cars.ece|access-date=6 June 2012|newspaper=Denton Record-Chronicle|date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609012338/http://www.dentonrc.com/local-news/local-news-headlines/20120605-dcta-gets-go-ahead-to-use-stadler-cars.ece|archive-date=9 June 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:TEXRail Stadler FLIRT DFW Airport Nov 2019.jpg|thumb|[[Stadler FLIRT]] owned by [[TEXRail]] in [[Texas]] ]]
* [[TEXRail]] in [[Tarrant County, Texas]] is a commuter rail line operated by [[Trinity Metro]] which uses [[Stadler FLIRT]] DMUs. The vehicles are FRA Alternate Compliant.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=TEX Rail commuter line opens|access-date=1 April 2019|newspaper=Railway Gazette|date=10 January 2019|url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/tex-rail-commuter-line-opens.html|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402040531/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/tex-rail-commuter-line-opens.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The line has 9 stops with termini at [[DFW Airport/Terminal B station|DFW Airport]] and [[T&P Station]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TEXRail Map|access-date=1 April 2019|website=Trinity Metro|url=https://ridetrinitymetro.org/texrail/maps/}}</ref>
* [[NJ Transit]] operates the [[River Line (NJ Transit)|River Line]] from [[Camden, NJ]] to [[Trenton, NJ]], every 15 minutes during peak hours and every 30 minutes at other times. It uses modified [[Stadler GTW]] trains of one or two cars. The line is classified as [[light rail]] because it utilizes imported European made DMUs that do not meet [[Federal Railway Administration|FRA]] crash guidelines. The cars may not operate with the [[freight rail]] service that shares the line, so evening operating hours are restricted to Saturday nights. This line currently carries over 7,500 passengers on a typical weekday, exceeding expectations.
* [[North County Transit District|NCTD]] operates the [[Sprinter (rail service)|Sprinter]] line using [[Siemens Desiro|Desiro Classic]] DMUs built by [[Siemens Mobility|Siemens]]. Opened March 2008, The line operates every half-hour daily, except limitations in the morning and at night on Saturday, Sunday and on holidays. The line runs from [[Oceanside, CA]], where transfer is possible with [[Coaster (rail service)|Coaster]] [[commuter rail]] service to [[San Diego]], to [[Escondido, CA]]. Like the NJT River Line, it is classified as light rail due to the use of European made DMUs, but does not run at a more typical light rail frequency.
* The [[eBART]] expansion of the [[Bay Area Rapid Transit]] system implements [[Stadler GTW]] diesel multiple unit train service from [[Pittsburg/Bay Point station]] east along the Highway 4 corridor to the town of [[Antioch station (BART)|Antioch]]. Future expansions in this direction could also connect the [[eBART]] service to Oakley, Brentwood, Byron, and beyond to Tracy and Stockton. The DMU system was chosen as a less-expensive alternative to the existing third-rail BART design.<ref name="bart">{{cite web|url=http://www.bart.gov/news/articles/2009/news20090427.aspx|title=BART moves forward with $1 billion in extension projects – bart.gov|access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref> Service began on 25 May 2018.<ref name="ebart">{{cite web|url=https://www.bart.gov/about/projects/ecc|title=BART to Antioch: East Contra Costa BART Extension|access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
* [[Arrow (rail service)|Arrow]] utilizes [[Stadler FLIRT]] trainsets along its service route in [[Redlands, California]].

Proposed operations:
* The [[Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] approved an allocation of $250,000 for a feasibility study of DMUs for "future transportation options for the region" on 5 July 2006 (Ara Najarian, Metro Board Member).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ebb.metro.net/news_info/2006/metro_116.htm|title=July 2006 Metro to Fund Implementation Study on a Regional Connector Through Glendale and Burbank|website=ebb.metro.net|access-date=2017-02-01}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=Redalert2fan |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* [[Chicago]]'s commuter rail line, [[Metra]], is studying the use of DMUs on its newly proposed lines ([[Suburban Transit Access Route (Metra)|STAR line]], [[SouthEast Service (Metra)|SES)]]. They claim these DMUs will have better acceleration, be more fuel efficient, and seat more customers than the current diesel locomotive and double decker rail cars that are currently in use.<ref name="metra">{{cite web|url=http://metraconnects.metrarail.com|title=Coming Soon page|access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref>
* Seattle area – The Central Puget Sound's regional transit agency [[Sound Transit]], along with the [[Puget Sound Regional Council]] evaluated the feasibility of both DMU and diesel locomotive technology for operation in the Eastside BNSF Corridor in response to a state legislative request. The Eastside BNSF corridor runs from the City of Snohomish in the north to Renton in the south of the metro area. Sound Transit has no plans to operate passenger rail service in the eastside BNSF corridor, but has committed limited funds to provide capital improvements in the event another public or private operator proposes to operate the service.<ref name="psrc">{{cite web |url=http://www.psrc.org/about/pubs/bnsf/fullreport/bnsf |title=BNSF Eastside Commuter Rail Feasibility Study |access-date=2010-01-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211035302/http://www.psrc.org/about/pubs/bnsf/fullreport/bnsf/ |archive-date=11 February 2010}}</ref>
* Anchorage Mat-Su area – As part of a joint U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and ARRC Chugach Forest Whistle Stop project, a self-propelled rail car was purchased and delivered spring 2009. The diesel multiple unit (DMU) may be available for flexible demonstration service during winter months.<ref name="akrail">{{cite web |url=http://www.alaskarailroad.com/Portals/6/pdf/projects/2010%20Commuter%20Partnership%20&%20Opportunities.pdf |title=Alaska Railroad – Alaskan Tours & Vacations – Train Packages |access-date=19 June 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306045204/http://www.alaskarailroad.com/Portals/6/pdf/projects/2010%20Commuter%20Partnership%20%26%20Opportunities.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2012}}</ref>
* The [[Long Island Rail Road]], the busiest commuter railroad in the United States, is exploring the possibility of operating DMUs on some of its lesser traveled routes in non-electrified territory (on the [[Montauk Branch|Montauk]], [[Greenport Branch|Greenport]], [[Port Jefferson Branch|Port Jefferson]], and [[Oyster Bay Branch|Oyster Bay]] branches), where operation of its current fleet of [[C3 (railcar)|C3]] bilevel railcars pulled by [[DE30AC]]/[[DM30AC]] locomotives is uneconomical and inefficient.
* A proposal to use DMUs on Boston's [[Fairmount Line]] was initially approved, but was canceled in 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.baystatebanner.com/2016/02/10/fairmount-line-setback-no-dmus-says-mbta/|title=Fairmount line setback: No DMUs says MBTA|first=Jule |last=Pattison-Gordon|date=10 February 2016|publisher=Bay State Banner|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref>
* [[NJ Transit]]'s [[Passaic–Bergen–Hudson Transit Project]] is studying the re-introduction passenger service on a portion of the [[New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway]] (NYSW) right-of-way in [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passiac]], [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]] and [[Hudson County, New Jersey|Hudson]] counties using newly built, FRA-compliant diesel multiple units.<ref name = NJTPBH>{{cite web |url=https://www.njtransit.com/passaic-bergen-hudson-transit-project|title=Passaic Bergen Hudson Transit Project |website=Projects & Reports |publisher=NJ Transit|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref>
* [[Dallas Area Rapid Transit]] is rebuilding the [[St. Louis Southwestern Railway|Cotton Belt Rail Line]] as the [[Silver Line (DART)|Silver Line]], which will utilize [[Stadler FLIRT]] units.