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Extremes on Earth
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====Continental==== * The '''most distant point from an ocean''' is the Eurasian Pole of Inaccessibility (or "EPIA") {{Coord|46|17|N|86|40|E|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility}}, in [[China]]'s [[Xinjiang]] region near the border with Kazakhstan. Calculations have shown that this point, located in the [[Dzoosotoyn Elisen Desert]], is {{cvt|2645|km}} from the nearest coastline. The nearest settlement to the EPIA is Suluk at {{Coord|46|15|N|86|50|E|name=Suluk}}, about {{cvt|11|km|mi|sigfig=1}} to the east.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} A 2007 study suggests that the historical calculation of the EPIA failed to recognize the point where the [[Gulf of Ob]] joins the Arctic Ocean, and proposes instead that varying definitions of coastline could result in other locations for the EPIA: ** EPIA1, somewhere between {{Coord|44|17|N|82|11|E|name=EPIA1.1}} and {{Coord|44|29|N|82|19|E|name=EPIA1.2}}, is about {{cvt|2510|+/-|10|km}} from the nearest ocean. ** EPIA2, somewhere between {{Coord|45|17|N|88|08|E|name=EPIA2.1}} and {{Coord|45|28|N|88|14|E|name=EPIA2.2}}, is about {{cvt|2514|+/-|7|km}} from the nearest ocean.<ref name="PIA"/> :If adopted, this would place the final EPIA roughly {{cvt|130|km|mi|sigfig=1}} closer to the ocean than the point that is currently agreed upon.<ref name="PIA">{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/14702540801897809 |volume=123 |issue=3 |pages=227–233 |last1=Garcia-Castellanos |first1=Daniel |first2=Umberto |last2=Lombardo |title=Poles of Inaccessibility: A Calculation Algorithm for the Remotest Places on Earth |journal=Scottish Geographical Journal |issn=1470-2541 |year=2007 |url=http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos,%20Lombardo,%202007,%20SGJ.pdf |publisher=Informa UK |bibcode=2007ScGJ..123..227G |s2cid=55876083 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803055158/http://cuba.ija.csic.es/~danielgc/papers/Garcia-Castellanos%2C%20Lombardo%2C%202007%2C%20SGJ.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2014 }}</ref> Coincidentally, EPIA1, or EPIA2, and the most remote of the [[Pole of inaccessibility#Oceanic pole of inaccessibility|Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility]] (specifically, the point in the [[South Pacific Ocean]] that is farthest from land) are similarly remote; EPIA1 is less than {{cvt|200|km}} closer to the ocean than the Oceanic Pole of Inaccessibility is to land. * The continental poles of inaccessibility for the other continents are as follows: ** [[Africa]]: {{Coord|5.65|N|26.17|E|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility of Africa}},<ref name="PIA"/> close to the [[tripoint]] of the [[Central African Republic]], [[South Sudan]], and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] ** [[Australia (continent)|Australia]]: either {{Coord|23|2|S|132|10|E|name=Australian Pole of Inaccessibility}},<ref>[http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/centre.htm Centre of Australia, States and Territories] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822124000/https://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/centre.htm |date=22 August 2008 }}, Geoscience Australia</ref> or {{Coord|23.17|S|132.27|E|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility of Australia}},<ref name="PIA"/> near [[Papunya]], [[Northern Territory]] ** [[North America]]: {{Coord|43.36|N|101.97|W|name=Pole of Inaccessibility North America}},<ref name="PIA"/> between [[Kyle, South Dakota]] and [[Allen, South Dakota]], [[United States]]. ** [[South America]]: {{Coord|14.05|S|56.85|W|name=Continental Pole of Inaccessibility in South America}},<ref name="PIA"/> near [[Arenápolis]], [[Mato Grosso]], [[Brazil]]
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