Editing Forging (section)

=== Forging of magnesium ===

* Magnesium forging occurs at a temperature range between 290–450&nbsp;°C<ref name="Papenberg, Nikolaus P 2020">Papenberg, Nikolaus P et al. “Mg-Alloys for Forging Applications-A Review.” Materials vol. 13,4 985. 22 Feb. 2020, doi:10.3390/ma13040985</ref>

Magnesium alloys are more difficult to forge due to their low plasticity, low sensitivity to strain rates and narrow forming temperature.<ref name="Papenberg, Nikolaus P 2020"/> Using semi-open die hot forging with a three-slide forging press (TSFP) has become a newly developed forging method for Mg-Al alloy AZ31, commonly used in forming aircraft brackets.<ref>Dziubińska, A., Gontarz, A., Dziubiński, M., & Barszcz, M. (2016). THE FORMING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY FORGINGS FOR AIRCRAFT AND AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/64003</ref><ref>Dziubinska, A., & Gontarz, A. (2015). A new method for producing magnesium alloy twin-rib aircraft brackets. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-10-2013-0184</ref> This forging method has shown to improve tensile properties but lacks uniform grain size.<ref>Dziubinska, A., Gontarz, A., & Zagórski, I. (2018). Qualitative research on AZ31 magnesium alloy aircraft brackets with a triangular rib produced by a new forging method. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-09-2016-0160</ref><ref>Dziubińska, A., Gontarz, A., Horzelska, K., & Pieśko, P. (2015). The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Aircraft Brackets Produced by a New Forging Technology. Procedia Manufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.059</ref> Even though the application of magnesium alloys increases by 15–20% each year in the aerospace and automotive industry, forging magnesium alloys with specialized dies is expensive and an unfeasible method to produce parts for a mass market. Instead, most magnesium alloy parts for industry are produced by casting methods.