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Grammatical aspect
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====Wuvulu==== {{main|Wuvulu-Aua language}} Wuvulu language is a minority language in Pacific. The Wuvulu verbal aspect is hard to organize because of its number of morpheme combinations and the interaction of semantics between morphemes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Hafford|first=James|year=2015|title=Verb Morphology|journal=Wuvulu Grammar and Vocabulary|pages=91}}</ref> Perfective, imperfective negation, simultaneous and habitual are four aspects markers in Wuvulu language. * '''Perfective''': The perfective marker ''-li'' indicates the action is done before other action. {{interlinear|indent=2| |maʔua ʔi{{=}}na-'''li'''-ware-fa-rawani ʔaʔa roʔou, Barafi |but 3SG{{=}}REAL-PERF-talk-CAUS-good with them Barafi |'But, Barafi had already clearly told them.' }} <ref name=":1" /> * '''Imperfect negation''': The marker ''ta-'' indicates the action has not done and also doesn't show anything about the action will be done in the future. {{interlinear|indent=2| |ʔi{{=}}ta-no-mai |3SG{{=}}not.yet-move-{{gcl|DIR|directional}} |'It has not yet come.' }}<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Hafford|first=James|year=2015|title=Verb Morphology|journal=Wuvulu Grammar and Vocabulary|pages=92}}</ref> * '''Simultaneous''': The marker ''fi'' indicates the two actions are done at the same time or one action occurs while other action is in progress. {{interlinear|indent=2| |ʔi{{=}}na-panaro-puluʔi-na ruapalo ʔei pani Puleafo ma ʔi{{=}}fi-unu |3SG{{=}}REAL-hold-together-TR two the.PL hand Puleafo and 3SG{{=}}{{gcl|SIM|simultaneous}}-drink |'He held together the two hands of Puleafo while drinking.' (Note: marker ''ta-'' is only for singular subject. When the subject is dual or plural, the marker ''ʔei'' and ''i-'' are used in same situation.) <ref name=":2" /> }} * '''Habitual''': The marker fane- can indicate a habitual activity, which means "keep doing something" in English. Example: {{interlinear|indent=2| |ʔi{{=}}na-fane-naranara fei nara Faninilo ba, ʔaleʔena ba ini liai mei ramaʔa mei |3SG{{=}}REAL-HAB-think(REDUP) the thought Faninilo COMP like COMP who again the person the |'And the thought kept occurring to Faninilo, "who is this particular person?"' <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hafford|first=James|year=2015|title=Verb Morphology|journal=Wuvulu Grammar and Vocabulary|pages=93}}</ref> }}
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