Editing Iguvine Tablets (section)

===The triad of the Grabovii===
The triad of the ''Grabovii'' is the highest group of deities of the Iguvian pantheon and looks to be strictly aligned with the [[Capitoline Triad#Archaic triad|archaic triad of Roman religion]].<ref>Dumézil, Georges. (1954) Remarques sur les dieux ''Grabovio-'' d’ Iguvium, ''Revue de Philologie'' '''28''' pp.&nbsp;226&ndash;234</ref><ref>Rosenzweig, Irene (1937). ''Ritual and Cults of pre-Roman Iguvium''. London.</ref> The epithet Grabovius seems to be related to Etruscan ''crapis'', ceremonial litter, which might derive from a word meaning oakwood.<ref>from Illyrian for oak or beech: cf. Russian ''grab'' beech; Macedonian γράβιον ''wood of the oak''. P. Kretschmer. ''Festschrift Bezzenberger'', p.&nbsp;89&nbsp;ff., cited in Buck, above, p.&nbsp;371.</ref>

The triad is composed by ''Iove'' or ''Iove Patre'', ''Marte'' and ''Vofionos''. The identity of the last has been understood as corresponding to Roman gods ''Quirinus'' or ''Liber'', the latter from an IE root *h<sub>1</sub>leudh- meaning people,<ref>Vittore Pisani "Mytho-Etymologica" ''Revue des études Indo-europeennes'' (Bucarest) 1, 1938</ref><ref>Benveniste, Émil. (1945). Symbolisme social dans les cultes gréco-italique, p.7-9. ''Revue de l' histoire des religions'', '''''129'''''. as cited by Dumézil, Georges. (1977). ARR It. tr. ''La religione romana arcaica'', p.&nbsp;144. Milan.</ref><ref name="Cazanove"/> either directly from the Italic theonym ''Loifer'' or through the intermediary of the Italic or Etruscan interpretation of Greek god ''(Dionysos) Eleutheros'', recorded also in the Etruscan theonym ''Tin Luth'' (=Iuppiter Liber) of the [[Piacenza Liver]].

The gods of the triad of the Grabovii receive in sacrifice three oxen (''buf'') outside the three town gates (''Preveres Treblanes, Tesenaces, Vehiies'' before the Trebulan, Tesenacan, Vehiian Gate). Those to be offered to Vofionos are qualified as ''calersu'', probably correspondent in meaning to Latin ''callidus'', with a white forehead.<ref>Isidore ''Origines'', cited by Newman above.</ref>