Editing Improvised explosive device (section)

===By trigger mechanism===

====Wire====
Command-wire improvised, explosive devices (CWIED) use an electrical firing cable that affords the user complete control over the device right up until the moment of initiation.<ref name="Hunter">{{cite book | last = Hunter | first = Major Chris | title = Eight Lives Down | publisher = Corgi Books | year = 2008 | location = London | isbn = 978-0-552-15571-7}}</ref>

====Radio====
The trigger for a [[Radio control|radio-controlled]] improvised explosive device (RCIED) is controlled by radio link. The device is constructed so that the receiver is connected to an electrical firing circuit and the transmitter operated by the perpetrator at a distance. A signal from the transmitter causes the receiver to trigger a firing pulse that operates the switch. Usually the switch fires an initiator; however, the output may also be used to remotely arm an explosive circuit. Often the transmitter and receiver operate on a matched [[Selective calling|coding system]] that prevents the RCIED from being initiated by spurious radio frequency signals or [[Radio jamming|jamming]].<ref name="Hunter" /> An RCIED can be triggered from any number of different radio-frequency based mechanisms including [[Radio-controlled model|handheld remote control transmitters]], car alarms, wireless door bells, cell phones, [[pager]]s and [[Personal radio service|portable two-way radios]], including those designed for the [[CB radio]] service, [[UHF]] [[PMR446]], [[Family Radio Service|FRS]], and [[General Mobile Radio Service|GMRS]] services.<ref name="Hunter" />

====Mobile phone====
A radio-controlled IED (RCIED) incorporating a mobile phone that is modified and connected to an electrical firing circuit. Mobile phones operate in the UHF band in line of sight with [[base transceiver station]] (BTS) antennae sites. In the common scenario, receipt of a paging signal by phone is sufficient to initiate the IED firing circuit.<ref name="Hunter" />

====Victim-operated====
Victim-operated improvised explosive devices (VOIED), also known as [[booby trap]]s, are designed to function upon contact with a victim. VOIED switches are often well hidden from the victim or disguised as innocuous everyday objects. They are operated by means of movement. Switching methods include tripwire, pressure mats, spring-loaded release, push, pull or tilt. Common forms of VOIED include the under-vehicle IED (UVIED), improvised [[landmine]]s, and [[Letter bomb|mail bombs]].<ref name="Hunter" />

====Infrared====
The British accused Iran and [[Hezbollah]] of teaching Iraqi fighters to use [[infrared]] light beams to trigger IEDs. As the occupation forces became more sophisticated in interrupting radio signals around their convoys, the insurgents adapted their triggering methods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2007/June/BombMakingSkills.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814021913/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/issues/2007/June/BombMakingSkills.htm|url-status=dead|title=Bomb Making Skills Spread Globally |work=National Defense |date=June 2007|archive-date=14 August 2007}}</ref> In some cases, when a more advanced method was disrupted, the insurgents regressed to using uninterruptible means, such as hard wires from the IED to detonator; however, this method is much harder to effectively conceal. It later emerged however, that these "advanced" IEDs were actually old [[Provisional IRA|IRA]] technology. The infrared beam method was perfected by the IRA in the early 1990s after it acquired the technology from a botched undercover British Army operation. Many of the IEDs being used against the invading coalition forces in [[Iraq]] were originally developed by the British Army who unintentionally passed the information on to the IRA.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/ulster/article320004.ece | title=Revealed: IRA bombs killed eight British soldiers in Iraq |work=The Independent | date=16 October 2005 | access-date=18 October 2009 | location=London | first1=Greg | last1=Harkin | first2=Francis | last2=Elliott | first3=Raymond | last3=Whitaker | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709005403/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/ulster/article320004.ece | archive-date=9 July 2008 }}</ref> The IRA taught their techniques to the Palestine Liberation Organisation and the knowledge spread to Iraq.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kevin |last=Myers |url=http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/the-death-of-the-tank-took-place-around-crossmaglen-2131116.html |title=Kevin Myers: The death of the tank took place around Crossmaglen |department=Opinion |work=The Independent |date=9 April 2010 |access-date=11 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506003322/https://www.independent.ie/opinion/columnists/kevin-myers/kevin-myers-the-death-of-the-tank-took-place-around-crossmaglen-26648094.html|archive-date=May 6, 2022}}</ref>