Editing Laplacian matrix (section)

=== Deformed Laplacian ===

The '''deformed Laplacian''' is commonly defined as

:<math>\Delta(s) = I - sA + s^2(D - I)</math>

where ''I'' is the identity matrix, ''A'' is the adjacency matrix, ''D'' is the degree matrix, and ''s'' is a (complex-valued) number. <ref>{{cite journal |title=The Deformed Consensus Protocol |first=F. |last=Morbidi |journal=Automatica |volume=49 |number=10 |pages=3049–3055 |year=2013 |doi=10.1016/j.automatica.2013.07.006|s2cid=205767404 |url=http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/96/14/91/PDF/Morbidi_AUTO13_ExtVer.pdf }}</ref><br /> The standard Laplacian is just <math display="inline">\Delta(1)</math> and <math display="inline">\Delta(-1) = D + A</math> is the signless Laplacian.