Editing Lexical semantics (section)

==== Marked causatives ====
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| image1 = angbata.png
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| caption1 = Underlying tree structure for (7a)

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| caption2 = Underlying tree structure for (7b)

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Causative morphemes are present in the verbs of many languages (e.g., [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]], etc.), usually appearing in the form of an affix on the verb.<ref name="An Overview of Lexical Semantics" /> This can be seen in the following examples from [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]], where the causative prefix ''pag-'' (realized here as ''nag'') attaches to the verb ''tumba'' to derive a causative transitive verb in (7b), but the prefix does not appear in the inchoative intransitive verb in (7a). [[Martin Haspelmath|Haspelmath]] refers to this as the [[causative]] alternation.

: '''Tagalog'''<ref name="An Overview of Lexical Semantics" />
{{interlinear |lang=tl |number=(7) a.
|Tumumba ang bata.
|fell    the child
|'The child fell.'
}}
{{interlinear |lang=tl |number={{hidden text|(7)}} b.
|'''Nag'''tumba ng bata si Rosa.
|'''CAUS'''-fall of child DET Rosa
|'Rosa knocked the child down.'
}}