Editing OPEC (section)

==Membership==
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===Current member countries===
As of January 2024, OPEC has 12 member countries: five in the [[Middle East]] ([[West Asia]]), six in [[Africa]], and one in South America.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OPEC |first=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |title=Member Countries |url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/25.htm}}</ref> According to the U.S. [[Energy Information Administration]] (EIA), OPEC's combined rate of oil production (including [[natural-gas condensate|gas condensate]]) represented 44% of the world's total in 2016,<ref name="EIA Production">{{cite web |title=Production of Crude Oil including Lease Condensate 2016 |url=https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/data/browser/#/?pa=00000000000000000000000000000000002&c=ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvvvuvo&ct=0&tl_id=5-A&vs=INTL.57-1-AFG-TBPD.A&vo=0&v=H&start=2014&end=2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427031435/https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/data/browser/#/?pa=00000000000000000000000000000000002&c=ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvvvuvo&ct=0&tl_id=5-A&vs=INTL.57-1-AFG-TBPD.A&vo=0&v=H&start=2014&end=2016 |archive-date=27 April 2017 |access-date=28 May 2017 |publisher=US Energy Information Administration |format=CVS download}}</ref> and OPEC accounted for 81.5% of the world's "proven" oil reserves. Subsequent reports from 2022 indicate that OPEC member countries were then responsible for about 38% of total world crude oil production.<ref name=":4" /> It is also estimated that these countries hold 79.5% of the globe's proven oil reserves, with the Middle East alone accounting for 67.2% of OPEC's reserves.<ref name=":52">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. (2023). ''OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin'' (58th ed.), 90 pages. Retrieved from https://asb.opec.org/. ISSN: 0475-0608. (See pages 7 and 22).</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite web |title=OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves |url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/330.htm}}</ref>

Approval of a new member country requires agreement by three-quarters of OPEC's existing members, including all five of the founders.<ref name=statute/> In October 2015, [[Sudan]] formally submitted an application to join,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article56814 |title=Sudan awaiting decision on its OPEC membership application: minister |work=Sudan Tribune |date=22 October 2015 |access-date=19 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120071426/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article56814 |archive-date=20 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> but it is not yet a member.

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Region
! scope="col" | Duration of membership<ref name="OPEC Member"/><ref name=May2017Vienna/>
! scope="col" | Population<br />(2022)<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Population 2022 |url=https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/POP.pdf}}</ref>
! scope="col" | Area<br />{{small|(km<sup>2</sup>)}}<ref name="CIA Area">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |title=Field Listing: Area |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131115000/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html |archive-date=31 January 2014 }}</ref><ref name=":2">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. (2023). OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin (58th ed.). Retrieved April 17, 2024, from <nowiki>https://www.opec.org</nowiki></ref>
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number"| [[List of countries by oil production|Oil production]] {{small|(bbl/day, 2023)}}<br />{{efn-ua|name=bbl|One petroleum barrel ([[barrel (unit)|bbl]]) is approximately 42 U.S. gallons, or 159&nbsp;liters, or 0.159&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>, varying slightly with temperature. To put the production numbers in context, a [[Oil tanker#Size categories|supertanker]] typically holds 2,000,000&nbsp;barrels (320,000&nbsp;m<sup>3</sup>),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hayler |first1=William B. |last2=Keever |first2=John M. |title=American Merchant Seaman's Manual |year=2003 |publisher= Cornell Maritime Press |isbn= 978-0-87033-549-5 |page=14.3}}</ref> and the world's current production rate would take approximately 56 years to exhaust the world's current proven reserves.}}<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=International - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production?pd=5&p=0000000000000000000000000000000000vg&u=0&f=A&v=mapbubble&a=-&i=none&vo=value&t=C&g=00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001&l=249-ruvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvnvvvs0008&s=94694400000&e=1672531200000& |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.eia.gov}}</ref>
! scope="col" data-sort-type="number"| [[List of countries by proven oil reserves|Proven reserves]]<br />{{small|([[barrel (unit)|bbl]], 2022)}}{{efn-ua|name=bbl}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=OPEC |first=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |title=OPEC Share of World Crude Oil Reserves |url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/data_graphs/330.htm |access-date=16 April 2024 |website=www.opec.org}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Algeria}}
| North Africa
| data-sort-value="1969" | Since 1969
| align=right | 44,903,220
| align=right |       2,381,740
| align=right |       1,183,096
| align=right |  12,200,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Republic of the Congo}}
| Central Africa
| data-sort-value="2018" | Since 2018<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/congorepublic-opec/congo-republic-becomes-opec-oil-cartels-newest-member-idUKL8N1TO3R2|title=Congo Republic becomes OPEC oil cartel's newest member|type=editorial|agency=[[Reuters]]|work=U.K.|access-date=22 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622220328/https://uk.reuters.com/article/congorepublic-opec/congo-republic-becomes-opec-oil-cartels-newest-member-idUKL8N1TO3R2|archive-date=22 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| align=right | 5,970,000
| align=right | 342,000
| align=right | 261,986
| align=right | 1,810,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
| Central Africa
| data-sort-value="2017" | Since 2017
| align=right | 1,674,910
| align=right |    28,050
| align=right |   88,126
| align=right |   1,100,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Gabon}}
| Central Africa
| data-sort-value="1975" | {{ubl|1975–1995,|Since 2016}}
| align=right | 2,388,990
| align=right |         267,667
| align=right |         204,273
| align=right |   2,000,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Iran}}
| [[Middle East]]
| data-sort-value="1960" | Since 1960{{efn-ua|name=Founder|The five founding members attended the first OPEC conference in September 1960.}}
| align=right | 88,550,570
| align=right |       1,648,000
| align=right |       3,623,455
| align=right | 208,600,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Iraq}}
| Middle East
| data-sort-value="1960" | Since 1960{{efn-ua|name=Founder}}
| align=right | 44,496,120
| align=right |         437,072
| align=right |       4,341,410
| align=right | 145,020,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Kuwait}}
| Middle East
| data-sort-value="1960" | Since 1960{{efn-ua|name=Founder}}
| align=right | 4,268,870
| align=right |          17,820
| align=right |       2,709,958
| align=right | 101,500,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Libya}}
| North Africa
| data-sort-value="1962" | Since 1962
| align=right | 6,812,340
| align=right |       1,759,540
| align=right |         1,225,430
| align=right |  48,360,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Nigeria}}
| West Africa
| data-sort-value="1971" | Since 1971
| align=right | 218,541,210
| align=right |         923,768
| align=right |       1,441,674
| align=right |  36,970,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| Middle East
| data-sort-value="1960" | Since 1960{{efn-ua|name=Founder}}
| align=right | 36,408,820
| align=right |       2,149,690
| align=right |      9,733,479
| align=right | 267,190,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
| Middle East
| data-sort-value="1967" | Since 1967{{efn-ua|name=UAE|The UAE was founded in December 1971. Its OPEC membership originated with the [[Emirate of Abu Dhabi]].}}
| align=right | 9,441,130
| align=right |          83,600
| align=right |       3,393,506
| align=right |  113,000,000,000
|-
! scope="row" | {{flag|Venezuela}}
| {{nowrap|South America}}
| data-sort-value="1960" | Since 1960{{efn-ua|name=Founder}}
| align=right | 28,301,700
| align=right |         916,445
| align=right |         750,506
| align=right | 303,220,000,000
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="3" | OPEC total
! 491,757,880
! 10,955,392
! 28,956,906
! 1,240,970,000,000
|-
! colspan=3| World total
! 7,951,150,000
!                   510,072,000
!                    81,803,545
!             1,564,441,000,000
|-
! colspan=3| OPEC percent
!                           6.18%
!                           2.14%
!                           35.39%
!                           79%
|}

=== OPEC+ ===
A number of non-OPEC member countries also participate in the organisation's initiatives such as voluntary supply cuts in order to further bind policy objectives between OPEC and non-OPEC members.<ref name="ope2"/> This loose grouping of countries, known as OPEC+, includes [[Azerbaijan]], [[Bahrain]], [[Brunei]], [[Brazil]], [[Kazakhstan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mexico]], [[Oman]], [[Russia]], [[South Sudan]] and [[Sudan]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Prashanth Perumal J. |date=5 June 2022 |title=Opec Plus The cartel and its allies that keep oil on the boil |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/opec-plus-the-cartel-and-its-allies-that-keep-oil-on-the-boil/article65493511.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=OPEC: OPEC makes history in Vienna |url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/4052.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802092851/https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/press_room/4052.htm |archive-date=2 August 2019 |access-date=2 August 2019 |website=opec.org}}</ref>

The collaboration among OPEC+ member countries has led to the establishment of the Declaration of Cooperation (DoC) in 2017, which has been subsequently extended multiple times due to its remarkable success. The DoC serves as a framework for cooperation and coordination between OPEC and non-OPEC countries. Additionally, OPEC+ members engage in further cooperative efforts through the Charter of Cooperation (CoC), which provides a platform for long-term collaboration. The CoC facilitates dialogue and the exchange of views on global oil and [[energy market]] conditions, with the overarching goal of ensuring a secure energy supply and fostering lasting stability that benefits producers, consumers, investors, and the [[World economy|global economy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries |first=OPEC |title=Declaration of Cooperation |url=https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/publications/4580.htm#:~:text=The%20Charter%20provides%20a%20platform,investors%20and%20the%20global%20economy. |access-date=1 April 2014 |website=www.opec.org}}</ref>

=== Observers ===
Since the 1980s, representatives from Canada<!-- The source does not mention Canada. However, Kazakhstan and Sudan are mentioned and could be added. -->, Egypt, Mexico, Norway, Oman, Russia, and other oil-exporting nations have attended many OPEC meetings as observers. This arrangement serves as an informal mechanism for coordinating policies.<ref name="observers3">{{cite news |date=14 September 2010 |title=OPEC: Fifty Years Regulating Oil Market Roller Coaster |agency=Inter Press Service |url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/09/opec-fifty-years-regulating-oil-market-roller-coaster/ |url-status=live |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224104031/http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/09/opec-fifty-years-regulating-oil-market-roller-coaster/ |archive-date=24 December 2015}}</ref>