Editing Open list (section)

=== Types ===
Types of open list systems used in the lower house of the national legislature.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Open List Proportional Representation | url=https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/open-list-proportional-representation.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024033723/https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/open-list-proportional-representation.pdf | archive-date=2021-10-24}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Country
!Legislative body
! colspan="2" |System
!Variation of [[Open list#Variation|open lists]]
!Number of votes (for candidates)
![[Apportionment (politics)|Apportionment method]]
![[Electoral threshold]]
!Governmental system
!Notes
|-
|[[Elections in Albania|Albania]]
|[[Parliament of Albania|Parliament]] (Kuvendi)
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|4% nationally or 2.5% in a district
|[[Parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Elections in Armenia|Armenia]]
| rowspan="2" |[[National Assembly (Armenia)|National Assembly]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF"|
| rowspan="2" |Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|
| rowspan="2" |[[D'Hondt method]]
| rowspan="2" |5% (parties), 7% (blocs)
| rowspan="2" |[[Parliamentary republic]]
| rowspan="2" |Party lists run-off, but only if necessary to ensure stable majority of 54% if it is not achieved either immediately (one party) or through building a coalition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Armenia, Parliamentary Elections, 2 April 2017: Needs Assessment Mission Report |url=https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/armenia/293546 |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=[[osce.org]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DocumentView |url=https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=109081 |website=www.arlis.am}}</ref> If a party would win more than 2/3 seats, at least 1/3 seats are distributed to the other parties.
|-
|<div style="text-align: center;">—</div>
|
|-
|[[Elections in Aruba|Aruba]]
|[[Parliament of Aruba|Parliament]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Elections in Austria|Austria]]
| rowspan="3" |[[National Council (Austria)|National Council]]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#0066FF"|
| rowspan="3" |Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]:
14% on the district level (among votes for the candidates party)
| rowspan="3" |1 in each geographic level of candidate list
|[[Hare quota]]
| rowspan="3" |4%
| rowspan="3" |[[Parliamentary republic]]
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]:
10% on the regional (state) level (among votes for the candidates party)
|[[Hare quota]]
|-
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]: 7% of the on the federal level (among votes for the candidates party)
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|-
|[[Elections in Belgium|Belgium]]
|[[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|As many as there are mandates in the district
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|5% (per constitutiency)
|[[Constitutional monarchy]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
|[[House of Representatives of Bosnia and Herzegovina|House of Representatives]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|
|Parliamentary [[directorial republic]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in Brazil|Brazil]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|2% distributed in at least 9 Federation Units with at least 1% of the valid votes in each one of them
|[[Presidential system|Presidential republic]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
|[[National Assembly (Bulgaria)|National Assembly]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1
|[[Hare quota]]
|4%
|[[Parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in Chile|Chile]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies of Chile|Chamber of Deputies]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|1
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Croatia|Croatia]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1
|
|5%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Cyprus|Cyprus]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1 for every 4 seats in the district
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-4
|
|5%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
|
|
|[[Parallel voting]]
|
|0-1 to 0-5 depending on number of mandates in the district
|
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Denmark|Denmark]]
|[[Folketing]] (Unicameral legislature)
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|two tier proportional representation with compensating]]
|
|0-1
|
|2%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Ecuador|Ecuador]]
|[[National Congress of Ecuador|National Congress]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|two tiers proportional representation without compensating]]
|<div style="text-align: center;">—</div>
|As many as there are mandates in the district Panachage allowed
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in El Salvador|El Salvador]]
|[[Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|Legislative Assembly]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|As many as there are mandates in the district Panachage allowed
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Riigikogu|Estonia]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|1
|
|5%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Fiji|Fiji]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|5%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Finland|Finland]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Greece|Greece]]
|
|
|[[Majority bonus system|Majority bonus]]
|
|0-1 to 0-5 depending on number of mandates in the district
|[[Largest remainder method|Largest remainder]] ([[Hare quota]])
|3%
|
|Nationwide [[Closed list|closed lists]] and [[Open list|open lists]] in multi-member districts. The winning party used to receive a [[Majority bonus system|majority bonus]] of 50 seats (out of 300), but this system will be abolished two elections after 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-07-21 |title=Greek MPs approve end to bonus seats, lower voting age |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-greece-electoral-bill-idUSKCN1011NS |access-date=2019-06-22 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> In 2020 parliament voted to return to the majority bonus two elections thereafter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament votes to change election law {{!}} Kathimerini |url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/248820/article/ekathimerini/news/parliament-votes-to-change-election-law |access-date=2020-01-25 |website=www.ekathimerini.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Elections in Honduras|Honduras]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|As many as there are mandates in the district Panachage allowed
|[[Largest remainder method|Largest remainder]] ([[Hare quota]])
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Iceland|Iceland]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|May change order of candidates on list or cross out rejected candidates
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Indonesia|Indonesia]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|4%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Kosovo|Kosovo]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-5
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Latvia|Latvia]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|May vote for as many candidates or reject as many candidates as there are on the list
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|5%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Lebanon|Lebanon]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|
|
|
|-
|[[Landtag of Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|As many as there are mandates in the district
|
|8%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Lithuania|Lithuania]]
|
|
|[[Parallel voting]]
|
|0-5
|[[Largest remainder method|Largest remainder]] ([[Hare quota]])
|5% (parties), 7% (coalitions)
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
|[[Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|[[Panachage]] (number of votes equal to the number of members elected)
|May vote for or delete as many candidates as there are mandates in the district Panachage allowed
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|No ''de jure'' threshold
|[[Parliamentary system]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|[[House of Representatives (Netherlands)|House of Representatives]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]
(25% of the quota to override the default party-list)
|0-1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|0.67% (1/150)
|[[Parliamentary system]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in Norway|Norway]]
|[[Storting|Parliament (Storting)]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|Two tier proportional representation with compensating]]
|De facto closed list (50% of votes to override)
|May change order of candidates on list or cross out rejected candidates
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]]
|4%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Panama|Panama]]
|
|
|[[Parallel voting]]
|
|As many as there are mandates in the district
|[[Largest remainder method|Largest remainder]] ([[Hare quota]])
|
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Peru|Peru]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-2
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|5%
|
|
|-
|[[Elections in Poland|Poland]]
|[[Sejm]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|5% threshold or more for single parties, 8% or more for coalitions or 0% or more for minorities
|[[Parliamentary republic]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in San Marino|San Marino]]
|
|
|Majority jackpot / Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|3.5%
|
|If needed to ensure a stable majority, the two best-placed parties participate in a run-off vote to receive a [[Majority bonus system|majority bonus]].
|-
|[[Elections in Slovakia|Slovakia]]
|
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|
|0-4
|[[Largest remainder method|Largest remainder]] ([[Hare quota]])
|5%
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Elections in Slovenia|Slovenia]]
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="2" |Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
| rowspan="2" |
|
|[[Largest remainder method|Largest remainder]] (Droop quota)
|4%
|
|
|-
|0-1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|4%
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Elections in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Parliament of Sri Lanka|Parliament]]
| rowspan="2" style="background:#0066FF" |
| rowspan="2" |Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|Two tier proportional representation without compensating]]
|[[Panachage]]
(up to 3 preference votes)<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2020 |title=Sri Lanka electors can vote for one party, three preferences in 2020 general elections: polls chief |url=https://economynext.com/sri-lanka-electors-can-vote-for-one-party-three-preferences-in-2020-general-elections-polls-chief-72625 |website=EconomyNext}}</ref>
|0-3
|Hare quota with largest party receives bonus seat de facto [[D'Hondt method]]
|5%
(per constituency)
| rowspan="2" |[[Semi-presidential system]]
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|<div style="text-align: center;">—</div>
|
| ?
|''No threshold''
|-
|[[Elections in Suriname|Suriname]]
|[[National Assembly (Suriname)|National Assembly]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|[[Open list#Most open|Most open]]
|0-1
|[[D'Hondt method]]
|''No threshold''
|[[List of countries by system of government#Assembly-independent republics|Assembly-independent republic]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in Sweden|Sweden]]
|[[Riksdag]]
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|Two tiers proportional representation with compensating]]
|[[Open list#More open|More open]]
(5% of the party vote to override the default party-list)<ref>Swedish Election Authority: [http://www.val.se/pdf/electionsinsweden_webb.pdf Elections in Sweden: The way its done] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225072954/http://www.val.se/pdf/electionsinsweden_webb.pdf|date=2009-02-25}} (page 16)</ref>
|0-1
|[[Sainte-Laguë method]] ([[Leveling seat|leveling seats]])
|4% nationally or 12%
in a given constituency
|[[Parliamentary system]]
|
|-
|[[Elections in Switzerland|Switzerland]]
|[[National Council (Switzerland)|National Council]] (Lower house of national legislature)
| style="background:#0066FF" |
|Open list [[Party-list proportional representation|party proportional representation]]
|[[Panachage]]
|May vote for or delete as many candidates as there are mandates in the district Panachage allowed
|[[Hagenbach-Bischoff system]]
|''No threshold''
|[[Semi-direct democracy]] under an [[assembly-independent]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shugart |first1=Matthew Søberg |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |journal=French Politics |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |s2cid=73642272 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Elgie |first=Robert |date=2016 |title=Government Systems, Party Politics, and Institutional Engineering in the Round |journal=Insight Turkey |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=79–92 |issn=1302-177X |jstor=26300453}}</ref> [[Directorial system|directorial]] [[republic]]
|
|-
|}