Editing University of St Andrews (section)

==Buildings, collections and facilities==
[[File:University Observatory - geograph.org.uk - 342743.jpg|thumb|right|Observatory of the university]]
The University of St Andrews is situated in the small town of St Andrews in rural Fife, Scotland. The university has teaching facilities, libraries, student housing and other buildings spread throughout the town. Generally, university departments and buildings are concentrated on North Street, South Street, The Scores, and the [[North Haugh (St Andrews)|North Haugh]]. The university has two major sites within the town. The first is the [[United College, St Andrews]] (also known as the Quad or St Salvator's) on North Street, which functions both as a teaching space and venue for student events, incorporating the Departments of Social Anthropology and Modern Languages. The second is [[St Mary's College, St Andrews]], based on South Street, which houses the Schools of Divinity, Psychology and Neuroscience, as well as the King James Library. Several schools are located on The Scores including Classics, English, History, Philosophy, the School of Economics and Finance, and International Relations, as well as the Admissions department, the [[Museum of the University of St Andrews]], and the principal's residence, University House. North Street is also the site of several departments, including the principal's office, [[Younger Hall]], the Department of Film Studies, and the University Library. The North Haugh is principally home to the Natural Sciences such as Chemistry, Physics, and Biology, as well as Mathematics, Computer Science, Medicine, and the School of Management.

===Libraries and museums===
{{main|University of St Andrews Library}}
[[File:St Andrews - University library.JPG|thumbnail|St Andrews University library building]]
The University of St Andrews maintains one of the most extensive [[Academic library|university library]] collections in the United Kingdom, which includes significant holdings of books, manuscripts, muniments, and photographs. The library collection contains over a million volumes and over two hundred thousand rare and antique books.<ref name="University of St Andrews Library">{{Cite web|title=University of St Andrews Library|url=http://copac.ac.uk/about/libraries/st-andrews.html|access-date=1 January 2013|archive-date=28 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128095337/http://copac.ac.uk/about/libraries/st-andrews.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The university library was founded by [[King James VI]] in 1612, with the donation of 350 works from the royal collection, at the urging of [[George Gledstanes]], the then chancellor of St Andrews, although the libraries of the colleges of [[St Leonard's College (University of St Andrews)|St Leonard's College]], [[St Salvator's College, St Andrews|St Salvator's College]] and St Mary's College had existed prior to this.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nesms.org.uk/rvp/saul/SAULHist.html |title=A note on the early history of St Andrews University Library, by R.V. Pringle |publisher=nesms.org.uk/rvp |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-date=27 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027082921/http://www.nesms.org.uk/rvp/saul/SAULHist.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nesms.org.uk/rvp/saul/SAULCat1612.html |title=St Andrews University Library, Sources for Library History, 1 : A revised transcript of the 'Foundation List' of 1612–13, by R.V. Pringle |publisher=nesms.org.uk/rvp/ |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-date=16 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031708/http://www.nesms.org.uk/rvp/saul/SAULCat1612.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> From 1710 to 1837 the library functioned as a [[legal deposit library]], and as a result has an extensive collection of 18th-century literature.<ref name="Rare books">{{Cite web|title=Rare books|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/rarebooks/|access-date=1 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130109185724/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/library/specialcollections/rarebooks/|archive-date=9 January 2013}}</ref>
[[File:St Andrews - King James Library from St Mary's quad.JPG|thumb|King James Library]]

The library's main building is located on North Street, and houses over 1,000,000 books.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Library|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/study/why/education/library/|website=University of St Andrews|access-date=20 July 2014|archive-date=29 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729193342/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/study/why/education/library/|url-status=live}}</ref> The library was designed by the architects Faulkner-Brown Hendy Watkinson Stonor based in North East England at [[Killingworth]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DSA Building/Design Report University Library, St Andrews|url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=410376|work=Dictionary of Scottish Architects|access-date=26 May 2014|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527215716/http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=410376|url-status=dead}}</ref> Faulkner-Brown specialised in libraries and leisure facilities and also designed the [[National Library of Canada]] in Ottawa and the [[Robinson Library]] at Newcastle University<ref>{{Cite news|last=Compson|first=Helen|title=Arnhem hero and respected architect dies|url=http://www.hexhamcourant.co.uk/news/2.2978/arnhem-hero-and-respected-architect-dies-1.48705#|access-date=26 May 2014|newspaper=Hexham Courant|date=28 February 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527230032/http://www.hexhamcourant.co.uk/news/2.2978/arnhem-hero-and-respected-architect-dies-1.48705|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Grand designers|url=http://www.livingnorth.com/northeast/people-places/grand-designers|work=Living North|access-date=26 May 2014|archive-date=27 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527221305/http://www.livingnorth.com/northeast/people-places/grand-designers|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011 the main library building underwent a £7 million re-development.<ref name="Renovated Library reopens its doors">{{Cite web|title=Renovated Library reopens its doors|url=http://www.thesaint-online.com/2011/09/renovated-library-reopens-its-doors/|access-date=1 January 2013|archive-date=2 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202212600/http://www.thesaint-online.com/2011/09/renovated-library-reopens-its-doors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The historic King James library, built in 1643, houses the university's Divinity and Medieval history collections.<ref name="King James Library – A Short History">{{Cite web|title=King James Library – A Short History|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/rt/kjl/|access-date=1 January 2013|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820003459/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/rt/kjl/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2012 the university purchased the vacant Martyrs' Kirk on North Street, with the purpose of providing reading rooms for the Special Collections department and university postgraduate research students and staff.<ref name="University to develop new library facility in iconic St Andrews church">{{Cite web|title=University to develop new library facility in iconic St Andrews church|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2012/title,91379,en.php|access-date=1 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112210438/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2012/title,91379,en.php|archive-date=12 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The university maintains several museums and galleries, open free to the public.<ref name="Museums About us">{{Cite web|title=Museums About us|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/museum/about/|access-date=2 January 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233945/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/museum/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Museum of the University of St Andrews|The Museum of the University of St Andrews]] (MUSA) opened in 2008 and displays some highlights of the university's extensive collection of over 100,000 artefacts.<ref name="Welcoming new stores for the university's museum collections">{{Cite web|title=Welcoming new stores for the University's museum collections|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/museum/news/ournews/2010/|access-date=2 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000453/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/museum/news/ournews/2010/|archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> It displays objects relating both to the history of the university, such as its collection of 15th-century maces,<ref name="st salvators mace">{{Cite web|title=st salvators mace|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/musa/see/starobjects/stsalvatorsmace/|access-date=2 January 2013|archive-date=30 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130010910/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/musa/see/starobjects/StSalvatorsMace/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and also unrelated objects, such as paintings by [[John Opie]], [[Alberto Morrocco]] and [[Charles Sims (painter)|Charles Sims]].<ref name="MUSA blog">{{Cite web|title=MUSA blog|url=http://museumoftheuniversityofstandrews.wordpress.com/page/7/|access-date=2 January 2013|archive-date=6 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306001129/http://museumoftheuniversityofstandrews.wordpress.com/page/7/|url-status=live}}</ref> Several of the university's collections have been recognised as being of 'national significance for Scotland' by [[Museums Galleries Scotland]].<ref name="Collections of national significance">{{Cite web|title=Collections of national significance|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2008/title,18701,en.php|access-date=29 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000055/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2008/title,18701,en.php|archive-date=31 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Bell Pettigrew Museum houses the university's natural history collections. Founded in 1912, it is housed in the old Bute Medical School Building in St. Mary's Quad. Among its collections are the remains of several extinct species such as the [[dodo]] and [[Thylacine|Tasmanian tiger]] as well as fossilised fish from the nearby [[Dura Den]], Fife, which when found in 1859 stimulated the debate on evolution.<ref name="What is there to see? Highlights of the Collection">{{Cite web|title=What is there to see? Highlights of the Collection|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/museum/bellpettigrew/see/|access-date=2 January 2013|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820003715/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/museum/bellpettigrew/see/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:+ 908 wurde St Andrews bereits Bischohfssitz. 20.jpg|thumb|Interior of St Salvator's Chapel]]

===Chapels===
[[File:Wardlaw Wing, St Andrews - geograph.org.uk - 148758.jpg|thumb|The Wardlaw Wing of University Hall]]
The university has two collegiate chapels. [[St Salvator's Chapel|The chapel of St Salvator's]] was founded in 1450 by [[James Kennedy (bishop)|Bishop James Kennedy]], and today it is a centre of university life.<ref name="St salvators chapel">{{Cite web|title=St salvators chapel|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/about/universitychapels/stsalvatorschapel/|access-date=2 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106064605/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/about/universitychapels/stsalvatorschapel/|archive-date=6 January 2013}}</ref> St Salvator's has a full peal of six bells, and is therefore the only university chapel in Scotland suitable for [[change ringing]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=St Salvator's Chapel set to ring in changes|first=Cheryl|last=Peebles|url=http://www.thecourier.co.uk/Community/Heritage-and-History/article/4894/st-salvator-s-chapel-set-to-ring-in-changes.html|newspaper=The Courier|date=9 September 2010|access-date=22 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911060350/http://www.thecourier.co.uk/Community/Heritage-and-History/article/4894/st-salvator-s-chapel-set-to-ring-in-changes.html|archive-date=11 September 2010}}</ref> The Chapel of St Leonard's is located in the grounds of the nearby [[St Leonards School]]. It is the university's oldest building, with some parts dating from 1144<ref name="St leonards chapel">{{Cite web|title=St leonards chapel|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/visiting/about/virtualtours/chapels/stleonards/|access-date=3 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130110035517/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/visiting/about/virtualtours/chapels/stleonards/|archive-date=10 January 2013}}</ref> and is the smaller of the two chapels. St Salvator's and St Leonard's both have their own choirs, whose members are drawn from the student body.

===Student halls===
St Andrews is characterised amongst Scottish universities as having a significant number of students who live in [[Residential college|university-maintained accommodation]]. As of 2012, 52% of the student population lives in university halls.<ref name="University guide 2013: University of St Andrews">{{Cite news|title=University guide 2013: University of St Andrews|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2009/may/10/universityguide-uni-st-andrews|access-date=6 January 2013|location=London|work=The Guardian|date=10 May 2009|archive-date=17 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130817170610/http://www.theguardian.com/education/2009/may/10/universityguide-uni-st-andrews|url-status=live}}</ref> The halls vary widely in age and character; the oldest, [[Deans Court]] dates from the 12th century, and the newest, Whitehorn Hall, built in 2018.<ref name="DRA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/accommodation/ug/residences/whitehornhall/|title=Whitehorn Hall|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610201831/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/accommodation/ug/residences/whitehornhall/|url-status=live}}</ref> They are built in styles from [[Gothic revival]] to [[brutalist]]. All are now co-educational and non-smoking, and several are catered.<ref name="St Andrews accommodation">{{Cite web|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/accommodation/ug/|title=Undergraduate &#124; Student accommodation|publisher=University of St Andrews|website=www.st-andrews.ac.uk|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027095217/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/accommodation/ug/|url-status=live}}</ref> The university guarantees every first-year student a place of accommodation, and many students return to halls in their second, third and final years at St Andrews.<ref name="St Andrews Accommodation guarantee">{{Cite web|title=St Andrews Accommodation guarantee|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/accommodation/ug/prospective/guarantee/|access-date=30 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329182611/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/accommodation/ug/prospective/guarantee/|archive-date=29 March 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> From September 2015 onward, students have had the option of living in alcohol-free flats in David Russell Apartments on the grounds of medical conditions that do not allow drinking or for religious reasons.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-31364421 |title=Students offered alcohol-free flats at St Andrews University |work=BBC News |date=10 February 2015 |access-date=19 May 2015 |archive-date=28 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228135805/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-31364421 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:St Andrews - St Salvator's Hall 01.JPG|thumb|St Salvator's Hall]]
Halls of residence include:
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Agnes Blackadder Hall]]
* Albany Park (demolished 2019–2021)
* [[Andrew Melville Hall]]
* David Russell Apartments
* Fife Park Apartments
* Gannochy House
* [[Hamilton Hall (University of St Andrews)|Hamilton Hall]] (Sold in 2006)
* [[John Burnet Hall]]
* McIntosh Hall
* Powell Hall (Postgraduate only)
* [[St Regulus Hall]]
* [[St Salvator's Hall]]
* [[University Hall (University of St Andrews)|University Hall]]
* Whitehorn Hall (addition to University Hall, 2018)
* Angus and Stanley Smith Houses (Postgraduate only)
* [[Deans Court]] (Postgraduate only)
* St Gregory's (Postgraduate only)
* Gregory Place (Postgraduate only)

{{Div col end}}

===Renewable energy projects===
Since 2013, the university's endowment has been invested under the [[Principles for Responsible Investment|United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment]] (UNPRI) initiative with a sustainable ethical policy enforced since 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St Andrews Sustainable Investment Policy|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/finance/documents/SSRI_FOP.pdf|publisher=University of St Andrews|access-date=31 January 2014|archive-date=6 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006033352/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/finance/documents/SSRI_FOP.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The university also funds and administers the international [[St Andrews Prize for the Environment]] established in 1998, which awards $150,000 annually to three environmental projects around the globe.<ref>{{cite web |title=St Andrews Prize for the Environment |url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/st-andrews-prize/ |publisher=University of St Andrews |access-date=4 March 2023 |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304030338/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/st-andrews-prize/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The university has the target of being the UK's first carbon net zero university by 2035 and has invested in a biomass centre as well as solar and wind farms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Sustainability Strategy |url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/assets/university/sustainability/documents/Environmental%20Strategy_Court_ESB_22Jan2021.pdf |publisher=University of St Andrews |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=25 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225174428/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/assets/university/sustainability/documents/Environmental%20Strategy_Court_ESB_22Jan2021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Scotland's oldest university launches solar farm |url=https://www.insider.co.uk/news/scotlands-oldest-university-launches-solar-26999433 |publisher=Insider.co.uk |date=18 May 2022 |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226181105/https://www.insider.co.uk/news/scotlands-oldest-university-launches-solar-26999433 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has spent £70 million on the Eden Campus and requires further funding of £100 million to complete works.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eden Campus: St Andrews University may need £100m to complete Guardbridge innovation hub |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/business-environment/business/2646246/eden-campus-st-andrews-university-may-need-100m-to-complete-guardbridge-innovation-hub/ |work=The Courier |date=8 October 2021 |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104172747/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/business-environment/business/2646246/eden-campus-st-andrews-university-may-need-100m-to-complete-guardbridge-innovation-hub/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Guardbridge]] Biomass Energy Centre will generate power using locally sourced wood-fuelled biomass, and hot water will be transported to the university through underground pipes to heat and cool laboratories and student residences.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-25448039 |title=St Andrews University plans a £25m energy centre |work=BBC News |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=19 May 2015 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017020736/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-25448039 |url-status=live }}</ref> The £25 million project is expected to save 10,000 tonnes of carbon annually and the university aims to establish the site as a knowledge exchange hub which would provide "missing link" facilities to allow research and discoveries made in university labs to be translated to working prototypes. The biomass centre became operational in December 2016 and won the Scottish Green Energy Award in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardbridge Biomass Scheme Claims Scottish Green Energy Award |url=https://www.sustainabilityexchange.ac.uk/guardbridge_biomass_scheme_claims_scottish_gree |website=sustainabilityexchange.ac.uk |publisher=Sustainability Exchange |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226181102/https://www.sustainabilityexchange.ac.uk/guardbridge_biomass_scheme_claims_scottish_gree |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2013, the university received permission to build six medium-sized turbines at Kenly Wind Farm, near [[Boarhills]]. The wind farms were expected to be operational by 2017 and bring an estimated £22 million boost to the local and national economy saving 19,000 tonnes of carbon annually.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifetoday.co.uk/news/local-headlines/developer-wanted-for-st-andrews-university-s-windfarm-1-3531596 |title=Developer wanted for St Andrews University's windfarm |work=Fife Today |date=5 September 2014 |access-date=19 May 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924012650/http://www.fifetoday.co.uk/news/local-headlines/developer-wanted-for-st-andrews-university-s-windfarm-1-3531596 |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, due to concerns raised by the Ministry of Defence over its proximity to [[Leuchars Station]], as of 2021, the project has been halted.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kenly windfarm development no further forward because of radar risk |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/politics/scottish-politics/2311135/kenly-windfarm-development-no-further-forward-because-of-radar-risk/ |work=Fife Today |date=15 June 2021 |access-date=26 February 2023 |archive-date=15 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315055429/https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/politics/scottish-politics/2311135/kenly-windfarm-development-no-further-forward-because-of-radar-risk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>