Editing Arabization (section)

===Historic reversions of Arabization===
====Norman conquest of southern Italy (999-1139)====
The [[Muslim conquest of Sicily]] lasted from 827 until 902 when the [[Emirate of Sicily]] was established. It was marked by an [[Arab–Byzantine culture]].<ref name="Brown 2015"/> Sicily in turn was then subjected to the [[Norman conquest of southern Italy]] from 999 to 1139.<ref name="Matthew 2012">{{cite book |last=Matthew |first=Donald |year=2012 |orig-year=1992 |chapter=Part I: The Normans and the monarchy – Southern Italy and the Normans before the creation of the monarchy |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQfub3l_ejkC&pg=PA9 |title=The Norman Kingdom of Sicily |location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks |pages=9–19 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139167741.004 |isbn=9781139167741}}</ref><ref name="Deanesly 2019">{{cite book |last=Deanesly |first=Margaret |author-link=Margaret Deanesly |year=2019 |title=A History of Early Medieval Europe: From 476–911 |chapter=The Later Merovingians |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=20ufDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT244 |location=[[London]] and [[New York City]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |edition=1st |series=Routledge Library Editions: The Medieval World |pages=244–245 |isbn=9780367184582}}</ref> The Arab identity of Sicily came to an end latest by the mid-13th century.<ref name="Brown 2015">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Gordon S. |year=2015 |orig-year=2003 |title=The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily |chapter=Sicily |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7fbdYk0-gisC&pg=PA103 |location=[[Jefferson, North Carolina]] |publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]] |pages=103–113 |isbn=978-0-7864-5127-2 |lccn=2002153822}}</ref>

====Reconquista (1212-1492)====
The ''[[Reconquista]]'' in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] is the most notable example of a historic reversion of Arabization. The process of Arabization and Islamization was reversed as the mostly Christian kingdoms in the north of the peninsula conquered [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] in 1085 and [[Province of Córdoba (Spain)|Cordoba]] in 1236.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quatr.us/medieval/reconquista-medieval-spain.htm|title=The Reconquista - Medieval Spain|last=Carr|first=Karen|date=2017-08-03|website=Quatr.us Study Guides|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref> [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], the last remaining emirate on the peninsula, was conquered in January 1492.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spanishwars.net/15th-century-conquest-of-granada.html|title=The Conquest of Granada|website=www.spanishwars.net|access-date=2018-12-31}}</ref> The re-conquered territories were [[Hispanicization|Hispanicized]] and [[Christianization|Christianized]], although the culture, languages and religious traditions imposed differed from those of the previous [[Visigothic Kingdom|Visigothic kingdom]].