Editing Bronchiectasis (section)

==Epidemiology==
The prevalence and incidence of bronchiectasis is unclear as the symptoms are variable.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Bronchiectasis, Chapter 4, Dean E. Schraufnagel (ed.) | encyclopedia=Breathing in America: Diseases, Progress, and Hope | publisher=American Thoracic Society | date=2010 | url=https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/breathing-in-america/ | access-date=2017-04-30 | url-status=live | archive-date=2017-04-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415052733/https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/breathing-in-america/}}</ref> The disease affects between 1 per 1000 and 1 per 250,000 adults.<ref name=Cot2015/> The disease is more common in women and in the elderly.<ref name=Mc2013/> In a Medicare cohort study in the United States, consisting of adults 65 years and older, the prevalence of bronchiectasis was 701 per 100,000 persons.<ref name="Chest Henkle">{{cite journal |last1=Henkle |first1=Emily |last2=Chan |first2=Benjamin |last3=Curtis |first3=Jeffrey R. |last4=Aksamit |first4=Timothy R. |last5=Daley |first5=Charles L. |last6=Winthrop |first6=Kevin L. |title=Characteristics and Health-care Utilization History of Patients With Bronchiectasis in US Medicare Enrollees With Prescription Drug Plans, 2006 to 2014 |journal=Chest |date=1 December 2018 |volume=154 |issue=6 |pages=1311–1320 |doi=10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.014|pmid=30055168 |s2cid=51864771 }}</ref> A similar prevalence rate of bronchiectasis has been reported in other countries including China, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and Singapore.<ref name="O'Donnell NEJM" /> Those with a dual COPD and bronchiectasis diagnosis are more likely to be cigarette smokers and more likely to be hospitalized as compared to those with bronchiectasis without COPD.<ref name="Chest Henkle" /> It became less common since the 1950s, with the introduction of antibiotics.<ref name=Cot2015/> It is more common among certain ethnic groups such as [[indigenous people]].<ref name=Cot2015/>

An estimated 350,000 to 500,000 adults have bronchiectasis in the United States.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Weycker|first1=Derek|last2=Hansen|first2=Gary L.|last3=Seifer|first3=Frederic D.|date=November 2017|title=Prevalence and incidence of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis among US adults in 2013|journal=Chronic Respiratory Disease|volume=14|issue=4|pages=377–384|doi=10.1177/1479972317709649 |pmc=5729734|pmid=28555504}}</ref> Specifically, children of the indigenous populations of [[Aboriginal Australians|Australia]], [[Alaska Natives|Alaska]], [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Canada]] and [[Māori people|New Zealand]] have significantly higher rates than other populations.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Chandrasekaran|first1=Ravishankar|last2=Mac Aogáin|first2=Micheál|last3=Chalmers|first3=James D.|last4=Elborn|first4=Stuart J.|last5=Chotirmall|first5=Sanjay H.|date=2018-05-22|title=Geographic variation in the aetiology, epidemiology and microbiology of bronchiectasis|journal=BMC Pulmonary Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=83|doi=10.1186/s12890-018-0638-0 |pmc=5964678|pmid=29788932 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Overall, a shortage of data exists concerning the epidemiology of bronchiectasis in [[Asia]], [[Africa]], and [[South America]].<ref name=":5" />

The prevalence and incidence of bronchiectasis has increased greatly in the 21st century. In a Medicare cohort analysis, consisting of adults 65 years and older in the United States; the annual rates of diagnosis have increased by 8.7% every year between 2000 and 2007.<ref name=Mc2013/><ref name="Seitz Chest">{{cite journal |last1=Seitz |first1=Amy E. |last2=Olivier |first2=Kenneth N. |last3=Adjemian |first3=Jennifer |last4=Holland |first4=Steven M. |last5=Prevots |first5=D. Rebecca |title=Trends in Bronchiectasis Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States, 2000 to 2007 |journal=Chest |date=1 August 2012 |volume=142 |issue=2 |pages=432–439 |doi=10.1378/chest.11-2209 |pmid=22302301 |pmc=3425339 |url=https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2209 |language=English |issn=0012-3692}}</ref> This large increase in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis may be due to increased recognition of the disease (including more widespread use of [[CT scan]]s) or it may be due to an increase in the underlying causes of bronchiectasis.<ref name="O'Donnell NEJM" />