Editing Common starling (section)

=== In science and culture ===
[[File:Pet European Starling Bird.jpg|thumb|alt=Pet starling|Pet in a cage]]

Common starlings may be kept as pets or as laboratory animals. Austrian [[ethology|ethologist]] Konrad Lorenz wrote of them in his book ''[[King Solomon's Ring (nonfiction)|King Solomon's Ring]]'' as "the poor man's dog" and "something to love",<ref name= lorentz>Lorenz (1961) p. 59.</ref> because nestlings are easily obtained from the wild and after careful hand rearing they are straightforward to look after.<ref name= lorentz/><ref name= Kilham>Kilham & Waltermire (1988) p. 59.</ref> They adapt well to captivity, and thrive on a diet of standard bird feed and [[mealworm]]s. Several birds may be kept in the same cage, and their inquisitiveness makes them easy to train or study. The only disadvantages are their messy and indiscriminate defecation habits and the need to take precautions against diseases that may be transmitted to humans. As a laboratory bird, the common starling is second in numbers only to the [[domestic pigeon]].<ref name=bvaawf>{{cite journal | last1 = Hawkins | first1 = P | last2 = Morton | first2 = D B | last3 = Cameron | first3 = D | last4 = Cuthill | first4 = I | last5 = Francis | first5 = R | last6 = Freire | first6 = R | last7 = Gosler | first7 = A | last8 = Healey | first8 = S | last9 = Hudson | first9 = A | last10 = Inglis | first10 = I | last11 = Jones | first11 = A | last12 = Kirkwood | first12 = J | last13 = Lawton | first13 = m | last14 = Monaghan | first14 = P | last15 = Sherwin | first15 = C | last16 = Townsend | first16 = P | year = 2001 | title = The starling, ''Sturnus vulgaris'' | journal = Laboratory Animals | volume = 35 | issue = Supplement 1: Laboratory birds: refinements in husbandry and procedures | pages = 120–126 | url = http://la.rsmjournals.com/content/35/suppl_1/120.full.pdf | doi = 10.1258/0023677011912164 | s2cid = 208065551 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150719013950/http://la.rsmjournals.com/content/35/suppl_1/120.full.pdf | archive-date = 2015-07-19 }}</ref>

The common starling's gift for mimicry has long been recognised. In the medieval Welsh {{lang|wlm|[[Mabinogion]]}}, [[Branwen]] tamed a common starling, "taught it words", and sent it across the Irish Sea with a message to her brothers, [[Bran the Blessed|Bran]] and [[Manawydan]], who then sailed from Wales to Ireland to rescue her.<ref name= Jones >Jones & Jones (1970) p. 30.</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] claimed that these birds could be taught to speak whole sentences in Latin and Greek, and in ''[[Henry IV, Part 1|Henry IV]]'', William Shakespeare had [[Henry Percy (Hotspur)|Hotspur]] declare "The king forbade my tongue to speak of Mortimer. But I will find him when he is asleep, and in his ear I'll holler 'Mortimer!' Nay I'll have a starling shall be taught to speak nothing but Mortimer, and give it to him to keep his anger still in motion."

[[File:MozartStarlingTune.PNG|thumb|300px|alt=Mozart's "starling song"|Mozart's "starling song"]]
[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] had a [[Mozart's starling|pet common starling]] which could sing part of his [[Piano Concerto No. 17 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto in G Major]] (KV. 453).<ref name= cocker>Cocker & Mabey (2005) pp. 429–436.</ref> He had bought it from a shop after hearing it sing a phrase from a work he wrote six weeks previously, which had not yet been performed in public. He became very attached to the bird and arranged an elaborate funeral for it when it died three years later. It has been suggested that his ''[[A Musical Joke]]'' (K. 522) might be written in the comical, inconsequential style of a starling's vocalisation.<ref name=West/> Other people who have owned common starlings report how adept they are at picking up phrases and expressions. The words have no meaning for the starling, so they often mix them up or use them on what to humans are inappropriate occasions in their songs.<ref name= lorentz84>Lorenz (1961) p. 84.</ref> Their ability at [[mimicry]] is so great that strangers have looked in vain for the human they think they have just heard speak.<ref name=West/>

Common starlings are trapped for food in some Arab countries.<ref name =feare183/> The meat is tough and of low quality, so it is casseroled or made into pâté. One recipe said it should be stewed "until tender, however long that may be". Even when correctly prepared, it may still be seen as an acquired taste.<ref name= cocker/><ref name= Artusi>Artusi (2003) p. 220.</ref><ref name= Michalowski>Michalowski (2011) p. 61.</ref>