Editing Diesel multiple unit (section)

===Asia/Australasia===
====Australia====
[[File:319A4914.jpg|thumb|A [[V/Line VLocity]] operating in [[Victoria (state)|Victoria, Australia]]]]

DMUs were first introduced to Australia in the late mid-20th century for use on quiet branch lines that could not justify a locomotive hauled service. Today, DMUs are widely used throughout Australia's southern states:

* [[Adelaide Metro]] use [[3000 class railcar|3000 class DMUs]] on their suburban network.
* [[NSW TrainLink]] use [[New South Wales Xplorer|Xplorer DMUs]] on services from [[Central railway station, Sydney|Sydney]] to [[Canberra railway station|Canberra]] ([[Australian Capital Territory|ACT]]), [[Griffith railway station|Griffith]], [[Broken Hill railway station|Broken Hill]], [[Armidale railway station|Armidale]] and [[Moree railway station|Moree]]. [[New South Wales Endeavour railcar|Endeavour DMUs]] are used on services to [[Bathurst railway station, New South Wales|Bathurst]], [[Moss Vale railway station|Moss Vale]] and [[Goulburn railway station|Goulburn]] on the [[Main Southern railway line|Southern Highlands Line]], [[Kiama railway station|Kiama]] to [[Bomaderry railway station|Bomaderry]] and on the [[Hunter railway line|Hunter Line]]. [[New South Wales Hunter railcar|Hunter railcar DMUs]] are also used on the [[Hunter railway line|Hunter Line]].
* Victoria's [[V/Line]] uses [[V/Line Sprinter|Sprinter]] and [[V/Line VLocity|V/Locity]] DMUs on all medium distance services.
* Western Australia's [[Transwa]] operates the ''[[The Prospector (train)|Prospector]], [[AvonLink]]'' and ''[[Australind (train)|Australind]]'' on medium and long distance country services.

In Queensland, heritage DMUs are used on the ''[[Savannahlander]]'' and ''[[Gulflander]]'' tourist trains.

====Bangladesh====
[[File:Bangladesh Railway, Komlapur Railway Station.jpg|thumb|A DEMU train (right) at [[Kamalapur railway station]], [[Dhaka]]]]Chinese manufactured (CNR Tangshan) DEMU was introduced in Bangladesh from 25 May 2013. DEMU is the country's first-ever commuter train service starting its journey on the Chittagong–Faujdarhat line. These DEMUs also operate on the [[Chittagong Circular Railway]] and on the [[Bangladesh Railway]]'s service between [[Dhaka]] and [[Narayanganj]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/25/demu-trains-begin-debut-run-in-ctg | title=DEMU trains begin debut run in Ctg | publisher=[[Bdnews24.com]] | access-date=2013-05-26}}</ref> However, these trains faced reliability issues soon after the final delivery in 2015, with all 20 trains becoming inoperable past 2018.<ref name="SomoyNews">{{Cite web |author=Somoy National Desk |title=Railway to sell Tk 650cr worth of DEMU trains as scrap |url=https://en.somoynews.tv/news/2025-01-20/WZ7HMI1v |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Somoy News}}</ref> In 2020, technicians from Bangladesh Railway were able to repair one of the inoperative trains to working condition. However, the proposed project to repair the rest of the trains were deemed to be too expensive in the long run. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-20 |title=Another wasteful railway project |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/editorial/news/another-wasteful-railway-project-3147811 |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> By January 2025, after 10 years of service, Bangladesh Railway announced its intention to sell the DEMU trains as scrap.<ref name="SomoyNews" />

====Cambodia====
[[File:FVB DSU.jpg|thumb|Ferrovias del Bajio DSU at Phom Penh Cambodia Airport]]

Mexican manufacturer Ferrovias Del Bajio supplied in 2019, three DSUs (Diesel Single Unit) to Royal Railway in Cambodia for their airport shuttle service from Phnom Penh international airport to the city central station. The other two units were assigned to long-distance services from the central station to Sihanoukville and to Poipet. Royal Railways Cambodia have now acquired eleven carriages DMU from Japan. Model: " Kiha 183 heavy snow ". (キハ183系オホーツク・大雪)
Speed: 110 km/h (max)
Type: 特急　(Limited Express)
Started: 1986 ............ End of Service in Japan 17 March 2023

==== China ====
The [[Dongfeng DMU]] was first Chinese diesel multiple unit produced by [[CRRC Qingdao Sifang|Qingdao Sifang]] in 1958. 

The [[China Railway NZJ]] was China's first double-decker diesel multiple unit is an ideal medium- and short-distance rail transport vehicle. It was independently developed and manufactured by [[CRRC Tangshan|Tangshan Works]] in 1998 and put into operation between [[Nanchang]] and [[Jiujiang]] in June of that year.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=铁道馆_中国科普博览 |url=https://www.kepu.net.cn/gb/technology/railway/railway_engine/200402030022.html |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=www.kepu.net.cn}}</ref> 
[[File:NYJ1 Hanlu.jpg|thumb|right|The [[China Railway NYJ1]] DMU used on the [[Jining–Tongliao railway]]]]
The {{ill|China Railway NYJ1|zh|NYJ1型柴油动车组}} was China's first hydraulic transmission diesel multiple unit class was developed by [[CRRC Qingdao Sifang|Qingdao Sifang]] at the end of 1998 and put into operation between [[Nanchang]] and [[Jiujiang]] and [[Nanchang]] and [[Ganzhou]] in February 1999.<ref name=":0" /> 

The {{ill|China Railway NZJ1|zh|新曙光號NZJ1型柴油動車組}} "New Dawn" was higher-speed [[Bilevel rail car|double-decker]] diesel multiple unit was jointly developed by [[CRRC Qishuyan|Qishuyan Works]] and [[CRRC Nanjing Puzhen|Nanjing Puzhen Works]] in August 1999, and put into commercial operation on the [[Shanghai-Nanjing Railway]] in October of that year.<ref name=":0" />

The [[China Railway NDJ3]] "Great Wall", previously labeled the "Harmony Great Wall" is the only [[higher-speed rail|higher-speed]] diesel multiple unit that is still operating in China. It was first designed to be used for passenger transport in the 2008 Olympics, and has become a mature technology platform with export orders to Nigeria despite initial flaws related to overheating of electrical cables in the power car.

[[File:CJ5-0505@BCR (20160905093550).jpg|thumb|right|[[CJ5 (DEMU)]] used by the [[Xi'an–Huyi railway]]]]
On 14 January 2014, [[CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles]] announced that hybrid electric multiple units were put into production. At the end of 2014, the first batch of hybrid EMUs, one train each with battery-catenary power supply (EEMU) and catenary power supply-internal combustion engine (DEMU), rolled off the assembly line in Changchun. From 2016 to 2020, the vehicles were tested in Hohhot and Beijing Academy of Railway Sciences.

In September 2022, the first CJ-5 train used by the [[Xi'an]]-Huxian Railway arrived in Xi'an. The No. 0506 train, which uses an internal combustion engine and a battery hybrid, was used as a vehicle during the initial operation of the Xi'an-Huxian Railway. During the operation period, it will be temporarily managed by [[Xi'an Metro]].

====India====
[[File:KCG - NZB Pass. (33014652690).jpg|thumb|DEMU with an older [[WDG-3A]] locomotive hauled passenger train]][[File:Jalandhar - Hoshiarpur DEMU at Jalandhar City Station.jpg|thumb|DMMU in India]]

DMUs (particularly DEMUs) are widely used in India. DEMUs in India are used in both the eight-coach format and the four-coach format. These trains replaced many (up to 10 car) trains with a [[WDM-2]] or [[WDM-3A]] locomotive in the middle. These old trains had the loco controls duplicated in the Driving Trailer coach and all the actuation information reaching the locomotive through thin communication lines. This was called 'push-pull train'. The longest running such push-pull service operated between Diva – Bhiwandi Road and Vasai Road and was recently converted into an [[MEMU]] train service in 2018.

India's first and largest DMU shed at [[Jalandhar District|Jalandhar]], Punjab, holds more than 90 units placed in service all over Punjab.
The DMU services in India have had various different classes. They can be classified as

*First generation DMU:
[[File:(SC-Medchal) DHMU at Ammuguda.jpg|thumb|Older First generation DHMU in India]]
**Rated power was 700 HP and had either three or six coaches.
**Transmission was Voith-hydraulic. 
**Max speed 100&nbsp;km/h.
**Made at first at ICF and then at [[Rail Coach Factory|RCF]].

*Second generation DMU:
[[File:Nanded - Medchal DEMU Express.jpg|thumb|Second generation DEMU train in India]] 
**Rated power is 1400 HP and have eight coaches. 
**Max speed is 105&nbsp;km/h. 
**Transmission is DC electric. 
**Made at ICF and [[Rail Coach Factory|RCF]].

*Third generation DMU:
[[File:BMO - GWD Pushkaram Special (28892046730).jpg|thumb|Third Generation Modern DEMU with a [[WDM-3A]] locomotive]]
**Rated power is 1,600 HP and have ten coaches. 
**Max speed is 110&nbsp;km/h. 
**Transmission is AC electric. 
**Made at [[Integral Coach Factory|ICF]].

====Indonesia====
[[File:Solo Ekspres 2018.jpg|thumb|KRDI Solo Express, [[Surakarta]]]]

State-owned company [[Industri Kereta Api|PT.INKA]] builds several type of DMU, some of which operate in urban and suburban areas.

====Japan====
[[File:DC283 hokuto 001.jpg|thumb|right|JR Hokkaido [[KiHa 283]] [[Tilting train|tilting DMU]] on [[Hakodate Main Line]]]]

In Japan, where gasoline-driven railbuses (on small private lines) and railmotors ([[Kihani 5000]] of the [[Japanese National Railways|national railways]]) had been built since the 1920s, the first two streamlined DMUs came in service in 1937, class [[Kiha 43000]] (キハ43000系).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/h53001126/4568133.html|title=キハ４３０００の資料 – しるねこの微妙な生活／浮気心あれば水心!?|access-date=19 June 2016|archive-date=25 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625140247/http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/h53001126/4568133.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The service of several hundreds (in sum even thousands) of diesel railcars and DMUs started in 1950s following the improvement of fuel supply that was critical during [[World War II]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://homepage3.nifty.com/EF57/r.museum/TP-flame.html|title=The Railway Museum in Saitama|access-date=19 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913212003/http://homepage3.nifty.com/EF57/r.museum/TP-flame.html|archive-date=13 September 2016}}</ref>

====Kenya====

In 2021, Kenya acquired DMUs from France to operate in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. These trains connect the city with settlements outside Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and the Nairobi Terminus.

====Malaysia====
The [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu]] (KTM) has a total of 13 DMU [[KTM Class 61]] ordered from [[CRRC]] for the West Coast Line and are assembled locally at CRRCs Batu Gajah factory from 2016 to 2020. The first scheduled service is expected from 1 September along the Gemas-Johor Bahru route, replacing old non-automotive stock.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/commuter-rail/crrc-dmu-test-malaysia/|title=New CRRC DMU on test in Malaysia|date=16 May 2019}}</ref>

====Philippines====

The [[Philippine National Railways]] (PNR) was one of the first adopters of diesel multiple unit trains in Asia. Initially built as gasoline-powered railmotors, the locally assembled Manila Railroad RMC class of 1929 was the first to be powered by diesel traction. Some units were also converted to [[streamliner]] units by 1932 for first-class services on the South Main Line between Manila and [[Legazpi, Albay]].<ref name="r39">{{Cite report |title=Report of the General Manager for the Year Ended December 31, 1938 |work=Reports of the General Manager |publisher=Manila Railroad Company |date=17 March 1939}}</ref> Since then, generations of DMUs were used chiefly for short-distance commuter services by the PNR in the island of [[Luzon]].<ref>{{Cite report |title=Motive Power and Rolling Stock |work=Report of Survey of the Manila Railroad Company and the Preliminary Survey of Railroads for Mindanao |publisher=De Leuw, Cather and Company; Manila Railroad Company |url=https://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/biblio/106523/ |date=July 1952 |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Corporate Profile |url=http://www.pnr.gov.ph/about-contact-us/who-we-are/corporate-profile.html |publisher=Philippine National Railways |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410154620/http://www.pnr.gov.ph/about-contact-us/who-we-are/corporate-profile.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Even without active [[inter-city rail]] services in the present-day, DMUs are still used on the [[PNR Metro Commuter Line]] in [[Metro Manila]] and the Bicol Commuter service in the [[Bicol Region]].<ref name="pea">{{Cite journal|last1=Peadon|first1=Brad|title=April 2020|volume=3|journal=Philippine National Railways Rolling Stock Update|publisher=Philippine Railways Historical Society}}</ref> Three generations of DMUs are in use: second-hand DMUs handed over by [[East Japan Railway Company|JR East]] such as the [[KiHa 35]], [[KiHa 52|52]] and [[KiHa 59 series#Philippine National Railways|59]] series originally built in the 1960s and acquired in the early 2010s,<ref name="jr">{{Cite book |author=寺本光照 |title=国鉄・JR関西圏近郊電車発達史 大阪駅140年の歴史とアーバンネットワークの成立ち |date=2014 |page=73 |publisher=JTBパブリッシング |series=キャンブックス |language=ja |isbn=978-4-533-09794-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://railf.jp/news/2019/12/10/170000.html |title=フィリピン国鉄 KIHA59「KOGANE」が営業運転に復帰 |trans-title=Philippine National Railways KIHA59 "KOGANE" returns to commercial operation |date=10 December 2019 |work=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |publisher=Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location=Japan |language=ja |access-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191210102501/https://railf.jp/news/2019/12/10/170000.html |archive-date=10 December 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> the [[PNR Hyundai Rotem DMU|Rotem DMU]]s of 2009 built by [[South Korea|Korean]] manufacturer [[Hyundai Rotem]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Business_Record_View.asp?brid=228 |title=Railway Systems-Project Record View |website=hyundai-rotem.co.kr |access-date=2018-12-25 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421053328/https://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Business_Record_View.asp?brid=228 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[PNR 8000 class|8000]] and [[PNR 8100 class|8100 classes]] built by [[Indonesia]]n firm [[Industri Kereta Api|PT INKA]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/two-more-pnr-trainsets-arrive-121543715.html |title=Two more PNR trainsets arrive in PH |website=ph.news.yahoo.com|access-date=2020-02-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://manilastandard.net/news/national/312315/pnr-unveils-2-brand-new-diesel-multiple-unit-trains-bought-from-indonesia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212031126/https://manilastandard.net/news/national/312315/pnr-unveils-2-brand-new-diesel-multiple-unit-trains-bought-from-indonesia.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 December 2023 |title=PNR unveils 2 brand new diesel multiple unit trains bought from Indonesia |website=Manila Standard|access-date=2020-02-03 }}</ref>

From 2022 onwards, the PNR will purchase [[standard-gauge railway|standard gauge]] DMUs for its upcoming inter-city rail network in Luzon and [[Mindanao]]. This is compared to the [[3 ft 6 in gauge railways|3 ft 6 in gauge]] of the rolling stock that is currently in active service. This move should allow access to better technology and increase line speeds.

====South Korea====
[[File:PP-DHC.jpg|thumb|Now retired Korail DHC-PP with new CI colour]]
[[File:Korail_RDC_DMU.jpeg|thumb|Korail RDC DMU at Bujeon Station. Not a Budd Rail Diesel Car (RDC).]]
[[Korail]] used to operates many DMUs. The DHC (Diesel Hydraulic Car), which made its debut for the 1988 Seoul Olympics, was able to reach speeds up to {{convert|150|km/h|0|abbr=on}} and served [[Saemaul-ho]] trains. These train have retired on 2008.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}

====Sri Lanka====
DMUs were first introduced to [[Sri Lanka Railways|Sri Lanka]] in 1940. The aim of this was connecting minor railway stations and stops on the main line where most express trains don't have a halt.<ref>https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1081775/retrieve {{Dead link|date=January 2022}}</ref>

====Taiwan====
The DMUs are now usually used on the [[Taiwan Railway Administration]] [[Hualien–Taitung Line]], [[North-Link Line]], [[South-Link Line]]. DMUs in Taiwan are classified as Class DR.
*[[DR2700 series|Class DR2700]] – built by [[Tokyu Car Corporation]] in 1966; was the fastest train on the [[West Coast line (Taiwan)|West Coast line]]
*[[DR2800 series|Class DR2800]] – built by Tokyu Car Corporation in 1982 and 1984{{Citation needed|date=February 2014}}
*[[DR2900 series|Class DR2900]]
*Class DR3000
*Class DR3100
'''Thailand'''
[[File:Sprinter2509.jpg|thumb|ASR (Sprinter) Class diesel train at Bangkok (Krungthep Station) Thailand]]
The State Railway of Thailand [[State Railway of Thailand ASR class|ASR class]] is a diesel multiple unit operated by the [[State Railway of Thailand]]. Built by [[British Rail Engineering Limited]] at [[Derby Litchurch Lane Works]] in England, it is based on the [[British Rail Class 158]]. Twenty carriages were built in 1990/91. All were painted in the same [[Regional Railways]] livery as the Class 158s.

* Numbers 2501 – 2512 (with cockpit) 12 Unit
* Numbers 2113 – 2120 (no cockpit) 8 Unit