Editing Dubbing (section)

====Japan====
In Japan, many television programs appear on Japanese television subtitled or dubbed if they are intended for children. When the American film ''[[Morocco (film)|Morocco]]'' was released in Japan in 1931, subtitles became the mainstream method of translating TV programs and films in Japan. Later, around the 1950s, foreign television programs and films began to be shown dubbed in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] on television. The first ones to be dubbed into Japanese were [[Superman (1940s cartoons)|the 1940s Superman cartoons]] in 1955.

Due to the lack of video software for domestic television, video software was imported from abroad. When the television program was shown on television, it was mostly dubbed. There was a character limit for a small TV screen at a lower resolution, and this method was not suitable for the poor elderly and illiterate, as was audio dubbing. Presently, TV shows and movies (both those aimed at all ages and adults-only) are shown dubbed with the original language and Japanese subtitles, while providing the original language option when the same film is released on [[VHS]], [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray]]. [[LaserDisc|Laserdisc]] releases of Hollywood films were almost always subtitled, films like ''[[Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film)|Godzilla: King of the Monsters]]''.

Adult cartoons such as ''[[South Park]]'' and ''[[The Simpsons]]'' are shown dubbed in Japanese on the [[WOWOW]] TV channel. ''[[South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut]]'' was dubbed in Japanese by different actors instead of the same Japanese dubbing-actors from the cartoon because it was handled by a different Japanese dubbing studio, and it was marketed for the [[Kansai region|Kansai]] market. In Japanese theaters, foreign-language movies, except those intended for children, are usually shown in their original version with Japanese subtitles. Foreign films usually contain multiple Japanese-dubbing versions, but with several different original Japanese-dubbing voice actors, depending upon which TV station they are aired. [[NHK]], [[Nippon TV]], [[Fuji TV]], [[TV Asahi]], and [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]] usually follow this practice, as do software releases on [[VHS]], Laserdisc, [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]]. As for recent foreign films being released, there are now some film theaters in Japan that show both dubbed and subtitled editions.

On 22 June 2009, [[20th Century Fox]]'s Japanese division has opened up a [[Blu-ray]] lineup known as "Emperor of Dubbing", dedicated at having multiple Japanese dubs of popular English-language films (mostly Hollywood films) as well as retaining the original scripts, releasing them altogether in special Blu-ray releases. These also feature a new dub created exclusively for that release as a director's cut, or a new dub made with a better surround sound mix to match that of the original English mix (as most of the older Japanese dubbings were made on mono mixes to be aired on TV). Other companies have followed practice, like Universal Pictures's Japanese division [[NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan]] opening up "Reprint of Memories", along with [[:ja:ワーナー エンターテイメント ジャパン|Warner Bros. Japan]] having "Power of Dubbing", which act in a similar way by re-packaging all the multiple Japanese dubs of popular films and putting them out as Special Blu-ray releases.

"Japanese dub-over artists" provide the voices for certain performers, such as those listed in the following table:
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
!Japanese dubbing artists
!Actor(s)/Actress(es)
!Notes
|-
|[[Hiroya Ishimaru]]
|[[Jackie Chan]]
|Officially approved by Chan.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 August 2007 |title=Cinema Today Japan - Direct interview with Jackie Chan! The secret story of the birth of "''Drunken Fist'' |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0011233 |access-date=2024-07-29}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tesshō Genda]]
|[[Arnold Schwarzenegger]]
|Officially approved by Schwarzenegger.<ref>{{cite web |title=Movies.com - Voice actor Tessho Genda is permanently nominated as a Japanese dubbing voice from the person he met for the first time! |url=https://eiga.com/news/20150708/10/ |access-date=2024-07-29}}</ref>
|-
|[[Isao Sasaki]]
|[[Sylvester Stallone]]
[[Elvis Presley]]

[[David Hasselhoff]]
|
|-
|[[Masashi Ebara]]
|[[Tom Hanks]]
[[Bill Murray]]

[[Wesley Snipes]]

[[Robin Williams]]
|
|-
|[[Kōichi Yamadera]]
|[[Jim Carrey]]
[[Will Smith]]

[[Jean-Claude Van Damme]]

[[Eddie Murphy]]
|Officially approved by ''[[Shrek (franchise)|Shrek]]'' producer [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] (for whom Murphy provides the voice of [[Donkey (Shrek)|Donkey]])<ref>{{cite web |date=28 October 2010 |title=Moviewalker - Norika Fujiwara promotes "''Shrek'' |url=https://moviewalker.jp/news/article/18063/ |access-date=2024-07-29}}</ref> and Smith.<ref name="yamaderaandsmith">{{cite web |date=2019-06-04 |title=Tweet by Koichi Yamadera |url=https://twitter.com/yamachanoha/status/1135786827472707584}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kenyu Horiuchi]]
|[[Brad Pitt]]
[[Charlie Sheen]]

[[Ben Stiller]]

[[John Stamos]]
|Officially approved by Pitt.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brad Pitt met Kenyu Horiuchi, who has been dubbing himself for 25 years, for the first time |url=https://news.ntv.co.jp/category/culture/f71319fac63d487895ff0fced39b233c |access-date=2024-07-29}}</ref>
|-
|[[Takeshi Kusao]]
|[[Leonardo DiCaprio]]
|Dubbed throughout his 1990s films.
|-
|[[Daisuke Namikawa]]
|[[Elijah Wood]]
[[Hayden Christensen]]

[[Leonardo DiCaprio]]
|Officially approved by Christensen.<ref name="christensen">{{cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Toshiyuki Morikawa is very excited to meet Ewan McGregor! Hayden Christensen bursts out laughing at the message from Daisuke Namikawa, dubbing Anakin! |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BsedRjp0vpo |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Yūya Uchida (voice actor)|Yūya Uchida]]
|[[Leonardo DiCaprio]]
[[Ryan Gosling]]
|
|-
|[[Rikiya Koyama]]
|[[George Clooney]]
[[Kiefer Sutherland]]
|Officially approved by Sutherland.<ref>{{cite web |date=2010-12-24 |title=『キーファー・サザーランドさんにお会いしましたよ!!』 |url=http://blog.livedoor.jp/rikiya_no_kimochi/archives/1363300.html |accessdate=2014-10-29}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kunio Murai]]
|[[Harrison Ford]]
|Officially approved by Ford.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2023 |title=ハリソン・フォード声優歴40年 村井國夫、本人からのサプライズメッセージに感涙 |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0137772 |accessdate=2023-07-05 |publisher=[[シネマトゥデイ]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Tsutomu Isobe]]
|[[Harrison Ford]]
[[Mel Gibson]]

[[Chow Yun-fat]]
|
|-
|[[Kazuhiro Yamaji]]
|[[Russell Crowe]]
[[Hugh Jackman]]

[[Jason Statham]]

[[Sean Penn]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroe Oka]]
|[[Kate Winslet]]
[[Charlize Theron]]

[[Kirsten Dunst]]
|
|-
|[[Marika Hayashi]]
|[[Kate Winslet]]
|
|-
|[[Masane Tsukayama]]
|[[Kevin Costner]]
[[Liam Neeson]]

[[Ed Harris]]

[[Robert De Niro]]
|
|-
|[[Akio Ōtsuka]]
|[[Nicolas Cage]]
[[Steven Seagal]]

[[Denzel Washington]]

[[Dolph Lundgren]]
|
|-
|[[Masato Sako]]
|[[Gary Oldman]]
|
|-
|[[Mayumi Sako]]
|[[Rachel McAdams]]
[[Scarlett Johansson]]
|
|-
|Shinpachi Tsuji
|[[Gary Oldman]]
[[Colm Meaney]]
|
|-
|[[Hōchū Ōtsuka]]
|[[Jean-Claude Van Damme]]
[[Jeff Goldblum]]

[[Donnie Yen]]

[[Gary Oldman]]
|Dubbed for Oldman in a few films and later dubs of his earlier films.
|-
|[[Jūrōta Kosugi]]
|[[Billy Blanks]]
[[David Duchovny]]

[[Luke Perry]]

[[Daniel Craig]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroaki Hirata]]
|[[Johnny Depp]]
[[Matt Damon]]
[[Noah Wyle]]

[[Matt LeBlanc]]

|Officially approved by Depp.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 January 2015 |title=Cinema Today Japan - Johnny Depp and voice actor Hiroaki Hirata meet after 20 years! |url=https://www.cinematoday.jp/news/N0070185 |access-date=2024-07-29}}</ref>
|-
|[[Keiji Fujiwara]]
|[[Robert Downey Jr.]]
|
|-
|[[Toshiyuki Morikawa]]
|[[Tom Cruise]]
[[Ewan McGregor]]

[[Adam Sandler]]

[[Keanu Reeves]]
|Officially approved by Cruise<ref>{{cite web |title=NTV News - Toshiyuki Morikawa "Actually with Tom" A moment spent with Tom Cruise |url=https://news.ntv.co.jp/category/culture/d73cf84202914f4a9b82ef6a958a7a2a |access-date=2024-07-29}}</ref> and McGregor.<ref name="christensen" />
|-
|[[Masako Ikeda]]
|[[Audrey Hepburn]]
|
|-
|[[Noriko Ohara]]
|[[Jane Fonda]]
[[Brigitte Bardot]]
|
|-
|[[Reiko Mutō]]
|[[Elizabeth Taylor]]
|
|-
|[[Gorō Naya]]
|[[Charlton Heston]]
[[Clark Gable]]

[[Lee Van Cleef]]
|Officially approved by Heston.<ref>{{cite journal |date=18 June 2009 |title=Sarai Interview Goro Naya |journal=Sarai |publisher=[[Shogakukan]] |issue=13 |pages=16–20}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kiyoshi Kobayashi]]
|[[James Coburn]]
[[Lee Marvin]]
|
|-
|[[Yasuo Yamada]]
|[[Clint Eastwood]]
[[Jean-Paul Belmondo]]
|Officially approved by Eastwood.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1965 |title=声のスターのTVスター評 |journal=テレビジョンエイジ |publisher=四季出版新社}}</ref>
|-
|[[Chikao Ōtsuka]]
|[[Charles Bronson]]
[[Richard Widmark]]
|
|-
|[[Kenji Utsumi]]
|[[Oliver Reed]]
[[Steve McQueen]]
|
|-
|[[Genzō Wakayama]]
|[[Sean Connery]]
[[Gene Barry]]

[[Peter Graves]]

[[Raymond Burr]]
|
|-
|[[Osamu Kobayashi (voice actor)|Osamu Kobayashi]]
|[[Yul Brynner]]
|
|-
|[[Masato Yamanouchi]]
|[[Montgomery Clift]]
[[Tyrone Power]]
|
|-
|[[Akiji Kobayashi]]
|[[John Wayne]]
|
|-
|[[Iemasa Kayumi]]
|[[Frank Sinatra]]
[[Donald Sutherland]]

[[Christopher Lee]]
|
|-
|[[Michio Hazama]]
|[[Roy Scheider]]
[[Steve Martin]]

[[Dean Martin]]

[[Sylvester Stallone]]
|
|-
|[[Nachi Nozawa]]
|[[Alain Delon]]
[[Al Pacino]]

[[Giuliano Gemma]]

[[Bruce Willis]]
|
|-
|[[Kei Tomiyama]]
|[[Rick Moranis]]
|
|-
|[[Tadashi Nakamura (voice actor)|Tadashi Nakamura]]
|[[Leslie Nielsen]]
|
|-
|[[Hirotaka Suzuoki]]
|[[Tom Cruise]]
[[John Travolta]]
|Dubbed throughout his 1990s films.
|-
|Yurika Hino
|[[Ingrid Bergman]]
[[Winona Ryder]]

[[Kate Winslet]]

[[Julianne Moore]]
|
|-
|[[Kotono Mitsuishi]]
|[[Ellen Pompeo]]
|
|-
|[[Chie Nakamura]]
|[[Kirsten Dunst]]
|
|-
|[[Yūko Nagashima]]
|[[Sarah Jessica Parker]]
|
|-
|[[Atomu Shimojō]]
|[[Eddie Murphy]]
|
|-
|[[Shūichi Ikeda]]
|[[Jet Li]]
|
|-
|[[Tōru Furuya]]
|[[Yuen Biao]]
|
|-
|[[Ryōtarō Okiayu]]
|[[Scott Foley]]
[[Taylor Kitsch]]

[[Stephen Fung]]

[[Lin Gengxin]]
|
|-
|[[Yū Mizushima]]
|[[Sammo Hung]]
[[Mark Hamill]]
|
|-
|[[Takayuki Sugō]]
|[[Jean Reno]]
[[Tommy Lee Jones]]

[[Ed Harris]]
|
|-
|[[Rica Matsumoto]]
|[[Sandra Bullock]]
[[Renée Zellweger]]
|
|-
|[[Yoshito Yasuhara]]
|[[Mickey Rourke]]
[[Kevin Bacon]]

[[Gary Oldman]]
|
|-
|[[Maaya Sakamoto]]
|[[Natalie Portman]]
|
|-
|[[Takako Honda]]
|[[Milla Jovovich]]
[[Hilary Swank]]

[[Halle Berry]]
|Officially approved by Jovovich.<ref>{{cite web |author=Friday Roadshow Official |date=30 June 2023 |title=Continuing 👉 Colonel Spalko is dubbed by Takako Honda.🗣️ In addition to being in charge of dubbing for Milla Jovovich herself, she has also been active in numerous foreign movies, foreign dramas, anime, narrations, commercials, etc.🤗 |url=https://x.com/kinro_ntv/status/1674751323772981248 |access-date=29 July 2024 |website=[[Twitter]]}}</ref>
|-
|[[Kinryū Arimoto]]
|[[Christopher Walken]]
|
|-
|[[Takanobu Hozumi]]
|[[Christopher Lloyd]]
|
|-
|[[Takeshi Aono]]
|[[Christopher Lloyd]]
[[Joe Pesci]]
|
|-
|[[Taichirō Hirokawa]]
|[[Roger Moore]]
[[Tony Curtis]]

[[Michael Hui]]

[[Robert Redford]]
|
|-
|[[Hideyuki Tanaka]]
|[[Pierce Brosnan]]
[[Michael Biehn]]
|
|-
|[[Yoshisada Sakaguchi]]
|[[Morgan Freeman]]
|
|-
|[[Masaru Ikeda]]
|[[Danny Glover]]
[[Morgan Freeman]]
|
|-
|[[Masahito Kawanago]]
|[[Justin Long]]
|
|-
|[[Mika Doi]]
|[[Julia Roberts]]
|
|-
|[[Wataru Takagi]]
|[[Jack Black]]
|
|-
|[[Taiten Kusunoki]]
|[[Dwayne Johnson]]
|
|-
|[[Daisuke Ono]]
|[[Benjamin McKenzie]]
|-
|[[Shunsuke Sakuya]]
|[[Patrick Wilson]]
[[Ben Affleck]]
|
|-
|[[Satoshi Mikami]]
|[[Benedict Cumberbatch]]
|
|-
|[[Daisuke Hirakawa]]
|[[Orlando Bloom]]
|
|-
|[[Yuhko Kaida]]
|[[Anne Hathaway]]
|
|-
|[[Mie Sonozaki]]
|[[Anne Hathaway]]
[[Kirsten Dunst]]
|
|-
|[[Shinobu Adachi]]
|[[Jennifer Aniston]]
|
|-
|[[Kōsei Hirota]]
|[[Danny Trejo]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroshi Yanaka]]
|[[John Cusack]]
|
|-
|[[Koichi Chiba]]
|[[Christopher Lee]]
|
|-
|[[Tetsuo Kanao]]
|[[Will Patton]]
|
|-
|[[Norihiro Inoue]]
|[[Anthony Edwards (actor)|Anthony Edwards]]
|
|-
|[[Kazue Komiya]]
|[[Bette Midler]]
|
|-
|[[Toshiko Sawada]]
|[[Anjelica Huston]]
|
|-
|[[Toshiko Fujita]]
|[[Glenn Close]]
|
|-
|[[Shigeru Ushiyama]]
|[[William Fichtner]]
|
|-
|[[Megumi Han]]
|[[Chloë Grace Moretz]]
|
|-
|[[Shin-ichiro Miki]]
|[[Daniel Wu]]
|
|-
|[[Kazuo Kumakura]]
|[[Alfred Hitchcock]]
|
|-
|[[Naoya Uchida]]
|[[Bruce Willis]]
[[Woody Harrelson]]
|
|-
|[[Keiko Toda]]
|[[Jodie Foster]]
|
|-
|[[Gara Takashima]]
|[[Demi Moore]]
[[Andie MacDowell]]

[[Amy Yasbeck]]

[[Emma Thompson]]
|
|-
|[[Mami Koyama]]
|[[Sharon Stone]]
|
|-
|Yūko Sasaki
|[[Robin Wright]]
|
|-
|[[Atsuko Tanaka (voice actress)|Atsuko Tanaka]]
|[[Nicole Kidman]]
[[Monica Bellucci]]

[[Kate Beckinsale]]
|
|-
|[[Rica Fukami]]
|[[Catherine Zeta-Jones]]
|
|-
|[[Misa Watanabe]]
|[[Cameron Diaz]]
|
|-
|[[Yutaka Aoyama]]
|[[Steve Buscemi]]
|
|-
|[[Banjō Ginga]]
|[[Michael Clarke Duncan]]
|
|-
|[[Daisuke Gōri]]
|[[Michael Clarke Duncan]]
|
|-
|[[Naomi Kusumi]]
|[[John Goodman]]
|
|-
|[[Bin Shimada]]
|[[Mark Hamill]]
[[Steve Carell]]
|
|-
|[[Haruhiko Jō]]
|[[Geoffrey Rush]]
|
|-
|[[Junpei Morita]]
|[[Hugh Grant]]
[[Matthew McConaughey]]

[[Colin Firth]]
|
|-
|[[Katsuhisa Hōki]]
|[[Ving Rhames]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroshi Iwasaki]]
|[[Stanley Tucci]]
|
|-
|[[Kinya Aikawa]]
|[[Jack Lemmon]]
|
|-
|[[Taro Ishida]]
|[[Gene Hackman]]
|
|-
|[[Ryoko Shiraishi]]
|[[Miley Cyrus]]
|
|-
|[[Takashi Taniguchi]]
|[[Tommy Lee Jones]]
|
|-
|[[Kazuko Yanaga]]
|[[Sigourney Weaver]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroshi Tsuchida]]
|[[Joseph Gordon-Levitt]]
|
|-
|[[Takaya Hashi]]
|[[Alan Rickman]]
|
|-
|[[Yoshimasa Hosoya]]
|[[Taylor Lautner]]
|
|-
|[[Ben Hiura]]
|[[Bruce Willis]]
[[John Malkovich]]

[[Richard Dreyfuss]]
|
|-
|[[Yūji Mitsuya]]
|[[Michael J. Fox]]
|
|-
|[[Yū Hayashi]]
|[[Shia LaBeouf]]
|
|-
|[[Fuminori Komatsu]]
|[[Shia LaBeouf]]
|
|-
|[[Kenshō Ono]]
|[[Daniel Radcliffe]]
|
|-
|Yumi Sudō
|[[Hilary Duff]]
[[Hayden Panettiere]]

[[Emma Watson]]
|
|-
|[[Yūki Tokiwa]]
|[[Rupert Grint]]
[[Daryl Sabara]]
|
|-
|[[Shūhei Sakaguchi]]
|[[Chris Pine]]
[[Lee Byung-hun]]
|
|-
|[[Kazuya Takahashi]]
|[[Lee Byung-hun]]
|
|-
|[[Akira Ishida]]
|[[Lee Joon-gi]]
|
|-
|[[Mitsuaki Madono]]
|[[Kwon Sang-woo]]
|
|-
|[[Masato Hagiwara]]
|[[Bae Yong-joon]]
|
|-
|[[Yumi Tōma]]
|[[Kim Ha-neul]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroki Tōchi]]
|[[Will Smith]]
[[Sam Worthington]]

[[Wentworth Miller]]
|
|-
|[[Hisao Egawa]]
|[[Dominic Purcell]]
|
|-
|[[Mitsuru Miyamoto]]
|[[Keanu Reeves]]
[[Ethan Hawke]]

[[Adrien Brody]]
|
|-
|[[Atsuko Yuya]]
|[[Angelina Jolie]]
|
|-
|[[Yasuyoshi Hara]]
|[[Kurt Russell]]
|
|-
|[[Unshō Ishizuka]]
|[[Liam Neeson]]
|
|-
|[[Shinji Ogawa]]
|[[Michael Douglas]]
[[Dustin Hoffman]]

[[Timothy Dalton]]
|
|-
|[[Takuya Kirimoto]]
|[[Bradley Cooper]]
|
|-
|[[Mugihito]]
|[[Patrick Stewart]]
|
|-
|[[Fumihiko Tachiki]]
|[[Forest Whitaker]]
[[Michael Rooker]]
|
|-
|[[Masakazu Morita]]
|[[Zac Efron]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroshi Arikawa]]
|[[Ian McKellen]]
|
|-
|[[Kōsei Tomita]]
|[[Ernest Borgnine]]
|
|-
|[[Shūichirō Moriyama]]
|[[Telly Savalas]]
|
|-
|[[Akira Kume]]
|[[Humphrey Bogart]]
|
|-
|[[Katsunosuke Hori]]
|[[William Hurt]]
|
|-
|[[Hiroko Suzuki (voice actress)|Hiroko Suzuki]]
|[[Jacqueline Bisset]]
|
|-
|[[Manabu Ino]]
|[[Tobey Maguire]]
|
|-
|[[Tamio Ōki]]
|[[Christopher Plummer]]
|
|-
|[[Yasuyuki Kase]]
|[[Paul Bettany]]
[[Ryan Reynolds]]
|
|-
|[[Yuzuru Fujimoto]]
|[[James Earl Jones]]
|
|-
|Saori Yumiba
|[[Keira Knightley]]
|
|-
|[[Minoru Uchida]]
|[[Henry Fonda]]
|
|-
|Munenori Oyamada
|[[Henry Fonda]]
|
|-
|Tomoko Shiota
|[[Cate Blanchett]]
|
|-
|Mabuki Andō
|[[Jennifer Garner]]
|
|-
|[[Asao Koike]]
|[[Peter Falk]]
|
|-
|Ryō Kurosawa
|[[Gary Cooper]]
|
|-
|Yōsuke Kondō
|[[William Holden]]
|
|-
|Hōsei Komatsu
|[[Anthony Quinn]]
|
|-
|[[Nobuo Kawai]]
|[[Paul Newman]]
|
|-
|Akio Miyabe
|[[Steve McQueen]]
|
|-
|Akira Kimura
|[[Glenn Ford]]
|
|-
|Kōji Nakata
|[[Jeffrey Hunter]]
|
|-
|Ushio Shima
|[[Karl Malden]]
|
|-
|Kei Taguchi
|[[Richard Burton]]
|
|-
|Hikaru Urano
|[[James Stewart]]
|
|-
|Nobuo Tanaka
|[[Sidney Poitier]]
|
|-
|Shinsuke Chikaishi
|[[Jerry Lewis]]
|
|-
|Takao Inoue
|[[Rock Hudson]]
|
|-
|Aiko Konoshima
|[[Sophia Loren]]
|
|-
|Reiko Tajima
|[[Kathleen Turner]]
|
|-
|Ranko Mizuki
|[[Ingrid Bergman]]
|
|-
|Tatsuya Jō
|[[Gregory Peck]]
|
|-
|Michiko Ōtsuka
|[[Lauren Bacall]]
|
|-
|Hiroko Ushida
|[[Bridgit Mendler]]
|
|-
|Tadashi Mutō
|[[Jesse Eisenberg]]
|
|-
|[[Junya Enoki]]
|[[Tom Holland]]
|[[Peter Parker (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Spider-Man]] ([[Marvel Cinematic Universe]])
|}
'''Lebanon'''

Lebanon is a unique case in the global media landscape, as it is one of the few countries where both children’s shows and international programming are rarely dubbed. Instead, content is typically broadcast in its original language. When the original language is not English—such as in the case of anime—Arabic, French, or English subtitles are usually provided. This multilingual approach reflects Lebanon’s diverse linguistic culture and audience preferences. Dubbing was more common during the 1980s, particularly for children’s shows aired during the Lebanese Civil War. However, in recent decades, it has become increasingly rare. Among many Lebanese, especially in urban areas, dubbing is often perceived as lowbrow or associated with less cosmopolitan, rural, or lower-income audiences, and is sometimes dismissed as being “for nawar” (a colloquial and pejorative term referring to marginalized or ghetto communities).