Editing Electron diffraction (section)

==== 4D STEM ====
{{main|4D scanning transmission electron microscopy}}
4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM)<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Ophus |first=Colin |date=2019 |title=Four-Dimensional Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (4D-STEM): From Scanning Nanodiffraction to Ptychography and Beyond |journal=Microscopy and Microanalysis |language=en |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=563–582 |doi=10.1017/S1431927619000497 |pmid=31084643 |bibcode=2019MiMic..25..563O |s2cid=263414171 |issn=1431-9276|doi-access=free }}</ref> is a subset of [[scanning transmission electron microscopy]] (STEM) methods which uses a pixelated electron detector to capture a [[convergent beam electron diffraction]] (CBED) pattern at each scan location; see the main page for further information. This technique captures a 2 dimensional reciprocal space image associated with each scan point as the beam rasters across a 2 dimensional region in real space, hence the name 4D STEM. Its development was enabled by better STEM detectors and improvements in computational power. The technique has applications in diffraction contrast imaging, phase orientation and identification, strain mapping, and atomic resolution imaging among others; it has become very popular and rapidly evolving from about 2020 onwards.<ref name=":9" />

The name 4D STEM is common in literature, however it is known by other names: 4D STEM [[EELS]], ND STEM (N- since the number of dimensions could be higher than 4), position resolved diffraction (PRD), spatial resolved diffractometry, momentum-resolved STEM, "nanobeam precision electron diffraction", scanning electron nano diffraction, nanobeam electron diffraction, or pixelated STEM.<ref>{{cite web |title=4D STEM {{!}} Gatan, Inc. |url=https://www.gatan.com/techniques/4d-stem |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=www.gatan.com |language=en}}</ref> Most of these are the same, although there are instances such as momentum-resolved STEM<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hage |first1=Fredrik S. |last2=Nicholls |first2=Rebecca J. |last3=Yates |first3=Jonathan R. |last4=McCulloch |first4=Dougal G. |last5=Lovejoy |first5=Tracy C. |last6=Dellby |first6=Niklas |last7=Krivanek |first7=Ondrej L. |last8=Refson |first8=Keith |last9=Ramasse |first9=Quentin M. |date=2018 |title=Nanoscale momentum-resolved vibrational spectroscopy |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=eaar7495 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar7495 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=6018998 |pmid=29951584|bibcode=2018SciA....4.7495H }}</ref> where the emphasis can be very different.